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Ikeda, Masayuki; Sagara, Masami; Inoué, Shojiro |
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Continuous exposure to dim illumination uncouples temporal patterns of sleep, body temperature, locomotion and drinking behavior in the rat |
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Journal Article |
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2000 |
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Neuroscience Letters |
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279 |
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3 |
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185-189 |
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animals; rodents; animal behaviour |
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Dissociable circadian rhythms of sleep and body temperature in primates are thought to be regulated by independent oscillators whereas the uncoupling of circadian rhythms has not been well described in other mammals. Therefore, we made simultaneous recordings of non-rapid-eye-movement-sleep (NREMS), rapid-eye-movement-sleep (REMS), brain temperature, intraperitoneal temperature, locomotion and drinking activity under light-dark (LD) and continuous dim illumination (dim LL) and analyzed their interrelations. The rhythmic patterns of body temperature, locomotion and drinking were modified on the 12th circadian day of dim LL, while the mean body temperature as well as mean occurrence of drinking and locomotor activities did not change significantly. In contrast, dim LL exposure significantly increased the total time spent in NREMS during the resting phase of dim LL and increased REMS episodes during the active phase of dim LL. The diverse effects of dim LL exposure on the recorded phenomena suggest that temporal patterns of sleep were the most sensitive to perturbations of lighting and that differential oscillatory mechanisms may regulate sleep and other circadian rhythms in the rat. |
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1591 |
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Vasquez, R A |
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Assessment of predation risk via illumination level: facultative central place foraging in the cricetid rodent Phyllotis darwini |
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Journal Article |
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1994 |
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Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology |
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34 |
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5 |
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375-381 |
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animals; rodents; foraging behaviour |
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It is well known that the risk of predation affects prey decision making. However, few studies have been concerned with the cues used by prey to assess this risk. Prey animals may use indirect environmental cues to assess predation hazard since direct evaluation may be dangerous. I studied the assessment of predation risk, manipulated via environmental illumination level, and the trade-off between foraging and predation hazard avoidance in the nocturnal rodent Phyllotis darwini (Rodentia: Cricetidae). In experimental arenas I simulated dark and full moon nights (which in nature correlate with low and high predation risk, respectively) and measured the immediate responses of animals to flyovers of a raptor model. Second, varying illumination only, I evaluated patch use, food consumption, central place foraging, and nocturnal variation of body weight. During flyover experiments, animals showed significantly more evasive reactions under full moon illumination than in moonless conditions. In the patch use experiments, rodents significantly increased their giving-up density and decreased their total food consumption under moonlight. On dark nights, rodents normally fed in the food patch, but when illumination was high they became central place foragers in large proportion. Moreover, the body weight of individuals decreased proportionately more during bright nights. These results strongly suggest that P. darwini uses the level of environmental illumination as a cue to the risk of being preyed upon and may sacrifice part of its energy return to avoid risky situations. |
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