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| Author | Aubé, M.; Kocifaj, M.; Zamorano, J.; Solano Lamphar, H.A.; Sanchez de Miguel, A. | ||||
| Title | The spectral amplification effect of clouds to the night sky radiance in Madrid | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2016 | Publication | Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer | Abbreviated Journal | Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer |
| Volume | 181 | Issue | Pages | 11-23 | |
| Keywords | Skyglow; Madrid; Spain; Europe; artificial light at night; light pollution; clouds; amplification | ||||
| Abstract | Artificial Light at Night (ALAN) may have various environmental impacts ranging from compromising the visibility of astronomical objects to the perturbation of circadian cycles in animals and humans. In the past much research has been carried out to study the impact of ALAN on the radiance of the night sky during clear sky conditions. This was mainly justified by the need for a better understanding of the behavior of ALAN propagation into the environment in order to protect world-class astronomical facilities. More recently, alongside to the threat to the natural starry sky, many issues have emerged from the biological science community. It has been shown that, nearby or inside cities, the presence of cloud cover generally acts as an amplifier for artificial sky radiance while clouds behave as attenuators for remote observers. In this paper we show the spectral behavior of the zenith sky radiance amplification factor exerted by clouds inside a city. We compare in-situ measurements made with the spectrometer SAND-4 with a numerical model applied to the specific geographical context of the Universidad Complutense de Madrid in Spain. | ||||
| Address | Cégep de Sherbrooke, 475 rue du Cégep, Sherbrooke, Canada J1E 4K1; aubema(at)gmail.com | ||||
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| Publisher | Elsevier | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
| Language | English | Summary Language | English | Original Title | |
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0022-4073 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | IDA @ john @ | Serial | 1351 | ||
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| Author | Jechow, A.; Hölker, F.; Kolláth, Z.; Gessner, M.O.; Kyba, C.C.M. | ||||
| Title | Evaluating the summer night sky brightness at a research field site on Lake Stechlin in northeastern Germany | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2016 | Publication | Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer | Abbreviated Journal | Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer |
| Volume | 181 | Issue | Pages | 24-32 | |
| Keywords | Skyglow | ||||
| Abstract | We report on luminance measurements of the summer night sky at a field site on a freshwater lake in northeastern Germany (Lake Stechlin) to evaluate the amount of artificial skyglow from nearby and distant towns in the context of a planned study on light pollution. The site is located about 70 km north of Berlin in a rural area possibly belonging to one of the darkest regions in Germany. Continuous monitoring of the zenith sky luminance between June and September 2015 was conducted utilizing a Sky Quality Meter. With this device, typical values for clear nights in the range of 21.5–21.7 magSQM/arcsec2 were measured, which is on the order of the natural sky brightness during starry nights. On overcast nights, values down to 22.84 magSQM/arcsec2 were obtained, which is about one third as bright as on clear nights. The luminance measured on clear nights as well as the darkening with the presence of clouds indicate that there is very little influence of artificial skyglow on the zenith sky brightness at this location. Furthermore, fish-eye lens sky imaging luminance photometry was performed with a digital single-lens reflex camera on a clear night in the absence of moonlight. The photographs unravel several distant towns as possible sources of light pollution on the horizon. However, the low level of artificial skyglow makes the field site at Lake Stechlin an excellent location to study the effects of skyglow on a lake ecosystem in a controlled fashion. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0022-4073 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | LoNNe @ kyba @; GFZ @ kyba @ | Serial | 1354 | ||
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| Author | Hüppop, O.; Hüppop, K.; Dierschke, J.; Hill, R. | ||||
| Title | Bird collisions at an offshore platform in the North Sea | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2016 | Publication | Bird Study | Abbreviated Journal | Bird Study |
| Volume | 63 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 73-82 |
| Keywords | Animals; Ecology | ||||
| Abstract | Capsule Collisions with offshore structures in the North Sea could account for the mortality of hundreds of thousands of nocturnally migrating birds. Aims To assess, for the first time, the circumstances of mass fatalities at an offshore structure, including the species involved, their numbers, ages, body conditions and injuries. Methods At an unmanned tall offshore research platform in the southeastern North Sea, bird corpses were collected on 160 visiting days from October 2003 to December 2007. Corpses were identified to species and kinds of injury, ages, and fat and muscle scores were determined. Nocturnal bird calls were recorded, identified to species and quantified. Local and large-scale weather parameters were also considered. Results A total of 767 birds of 34 species, mainly thrushes, European Starlings and other passerines, were found at 45 visits. Most carcasses were in good body condition and young birds were not more affected than adults. Three quarters of 563 examined individuals had collision induced injuries. Birds in poor body condition were less likely to be collision victims than those in good condition. Mass collision events at the illuminated offshore structure coincided with increasingly adverse weather conditions and an increasing call intensity of nocturnal birds. Conclusions Assuming an average of 150 dead birds per year at this single offshore structure and additionally assuming that a considerable proportion of the corpses were not found, we estimate that mortality at the 1000 + human structures in the North Sea could reach hundreds of thousands of birds. Since offshore industrialization will progress and collision numbers at offshore turbines will consequently increase considerably, we recommend reinforced measures to reduce bird strikes at offshore structures, especially in the light of substantial declines in some migrant species. |
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| ISSN | 0006-3657 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | LoNNe @ kyba @ | Serial | 1377 | ||
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| Author | Gibbons, R.; Terry, T.; Bhagavathula, R.; Meyer, J.; Lewis, A. | ||||
| Title | Applicability of mesopic factors to the driving task | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2015 | Publication | Lighting Research and Technology | Abbreviated Journal | Lighting Research and Technology |
| Volume | 48 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 70-82 |
| Keywords | Lighting; Public Safety; Planning | ||||
| Abstract | With the advent of light-emitting diode technology being applied to roadway lighting, the spectral power distribution of the light source is becoming much more important. In this experiment, the detection of pedestrians at five adaptation levels under three light sources, high pressure sodium and light emitting diodes of two colour temperatures was measured in realistic roadway scenarios. The results show that while the light source type was not significant, an increase in adaptation luminance increased the detection distance. As the offset of the object to the roadway increased, some spectral effects became more significant; however, this effect was not consistent across all angles of eccentricity. The conclusions from this work indicate that mesopic factors may not be applicable on high-speed roads. | ||||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1477-1535 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | LoNNe @ kyba @ | Serial | 1382 | ||
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| Author | Nasar, J.L.; Bokharaei, S. | ||||
| Title | Impressions of Lighting in Public Squares After Dark | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2017 | Publication | Environment & Behavior | Abbreviated Journal | Env. & Behav. |
| Volume | 43 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 227-254 |
| Keywords | Psychology; public lighting; public safety; security; crime; perception; outdoor lighting | ||||
| Abstract | Lighting may affect impressions of public squares. Following studies on office interior lighting, the present research manipulated three modes of lighting—non-uniform–uniform, peripheral–overhead, and dim–bright—in three virtual squares. One study had 32 participants (15 men, 17 women) judge the spaciousness and privacy of each of the 24 public squares. A second study had a different group of 30 participants (16 men, 14 women) rate the appeal, safety from crime, and excitement of each square. Study 1 found that judged spaciousness increased with uniform and bright lighting, and that privacy increased with non-uniform, dim, and peripheral lighting. Study 2 found that rated appeal increased with uniform and bright lighting, as did safety from crime and excitement. Across the two studies, the uniform and bright lighting conditions contributed most to the kinds of favorable experiences people might expect to have in public spaces after dark. | ||||
| Address | City & Regional Planning, Ohio State University, 200 Knowlton Hall 275 W Woodruff Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA. Email: nasar.1(at)osu.edu | ||||
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| Publisher | SAGE | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
| Language | English | Summary Language | English | Original Title | |
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0013-9165 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | IDA @ john @ | Serial | 1390 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||