| Records |
| Author |
Ouyang, J.Q.; de Jong, M.; van Grunsven, R.H.; Matson, K.D.; Haussmann, M.F.; Meerlo, P.; Visser, M.; Spoelstra, K. |
| Title |
What type of rigorous experiments are needed to investigate the impact of artificial light at night on individuals and populations? |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Global Change Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Glob Chang Biol |
| Volume |
23 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
e9-e10 |
| Keywords |
Animals |
| Abstract |
In our recent paper on how artificial light at night (ALAN) affects within-individual changes in physiology, we used a unique experimental setup of colored LED lights to show effects on nighttime activity levels and physiology in free-living great tits, Parus major (Ouyang et al., 2017). Raap et al's response, entitled: “Rigorous field experiments are essential to understand the genuine severity of light pollution and to identify possible solutions” lists issues with our analyses (Raap et al., 2017). Rather than go into a detailed response, we use this forum to address the major critiques by answering the bigger question of what types of rigorous field experiments are needed to evaluate ALAN's impact. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. |
| Address |
P.O. box 50, 6700 AB, Wageningen, Gelderland Netherlands |
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English |
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| ISSN |
1354-1013 |
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| Notes |
PMID:28886232 |
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no |
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LoNNe @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1721 |
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| Author |
Yoshinaka, K.; Yamaguchi, A.; Matsumura, R.; Node, K.; Tokuda, I.; Akashi, M. |
| Title |
Effect of different light-dark schedules on estrous cycle in mice, and implications for mitigating the adverse impact of night work |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Genes to Cells : Devoted to Molecular & Cellular Mechanisms |
Abbreviated Journal |
Genes Cells |
| Volume |
22 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
876-884 |
| Keywords |
Animals |
| Abstract |
Approximately 20% of workers in developed countries are involved in night work. Nevertheless, many studies have strongly suggested that night-work-induced chronic circadian misalignment increases the risk of a diverse range of health problems. Although a relation between night work and irregular menstrual cycles has been indicated epidemiologically, a direct causal link remains elusive. Here, we report that repetitive reversal of light-dark (LD) cycles triggers irregular estrous cycles in mice. The findings showed that the estrous cycle remained irregular for more than four weeks after the mice were returned to regular LD cycles. Importantly, the magnitude of the negative impact of reversed LD cycles on the estrous cycle, or more specifically the decreased number of normal estrous cycles during the observation period, was dependent on the difference in the frequency of LD reversal. Presently, no clear solution to prevent night-work-mediated menstrual abnormalities is available, and reducing night work in modern society is difficult. Our findings indicate that optimizing work schedules could significantly prevent menstrual problems without reducing total night-work time. |
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The Research Institute for Time Studies, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8511, Japan |
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English |
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1356-9597 |
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PMID:28884885 |
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no |
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LoNNe @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1722 |
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Souman, J.L.; Tinga, A.M.; Te Pas, S.F.; van Ee, R.; Vlaskamp, B.N.S. |
| Title |
Acute alerting effects of light: a systematic literature review |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Behavioural Brain Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav Brain Res |
| Volume |
337 |
Issue |
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Pages |
228-239 |
| Keywords |
Human Health |
| Abstract |
Periodic, well timed exposure to light is important for our health and wellbeing. Light, in particular in the blue part of the spectrum, is thought to affect alertness both indirectly, by modifying circadian rhythms, and directly, giving rise to acute effects. We performed a systematic review of empirical studies on direct, acute effects of light on alertness to evaluate the reliability of these effects and to assess to what extent they depend on other factors, such as time of day, exposure duration and sleep pressure. In total, we identified 74 studies in which either light intensity, spectral distribution, or both were manipulated, and the effects on behavioral measures of alertness were evaluated, either subjectively or measured in performance tasks. The results show that increasing the intensity or the color temperature of polychromatic white light in general has been found to increase subjective ratings of alertness, though a substantial proportion of these studies failed to find significant effects. There is little evidence in the literature that these subjective alerting effects of light also translate into improvements on performance measures of alertness. For monochromatic or narrowband light exposure, some studies have shown improvement in reaction time tasks with exposure to blue light, but generally this was not accompanied by changes in subjective alertness. Thus, the alerting effects of light are far less clear than often suggested. We suggest that in future studies more attention should be paid to other factors that may influence the effects of light, such as chronotype, circadian phase, homeostatic state and prior light history. |
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Philips Research (Department Brain, Behavior & Cognition), Eindhoven, The Netherlands |
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English |
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0166-4328 |
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| Notes |
PMID:28912014 |
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no |
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LoNNe @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1727 |
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| Author |
Willis, G.L.; Freelance, C.B. |
| Title |
The effect of directed photic stimulation of the pineal on experimental Parkinson's disease |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Physiology & Behavior |
Abbreviated Journal |
Physiol Behav |
| Volume |
182 |
Issue |
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Pages |
1-9 |
| Keywords |
Animals |
| Abstract |
The role of the circadian system in Parkinson's disease (PD) is a topic of increasing scientific interest. This has emerged from recent studies demonstrating an altered response of PD patients to treatment in relation to the phase of the light/dark cycle and from other work defining the functional significance of melanocytes in PD: a cell type that the nigro-striatal dopamine (NSD) system and circadian system both contain. The present study was undertaken to determine the sensitivity of the pineal, as the final common pathway of the circadian system, to light delivered directly to the pineal via surgical implantation of LEDs. Direct photic stimulation of the pineal altered the course of experimental PD while anatomical controls receiving stimulation of the frontal cortex exhibited a negative impact on the course of recovery of these animals. These effects were closely linked to the phase of the light/dark cycle. The present results suggest that while pineal photoreceptors are regarded as vestigial, functional photo-reactivity of the pineal remains. It is inferred that melanocytes are the active cells responsible for the observed effect since they remain functionally intact in mammalian pineal even though pineal photoreceptors are functionally inert. Although the stimuli applied in the present study may be regarded as artificial this study demonstrates that brain parenchyma remains differentially reactive to direct light exposure and presents a novel mechanism in circadian structures that needs to be explored. |
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The Bronowski Institute of Behavioural Neuroscience, Coliban Medical Centre, 19 Jennings Street, Kyneton, Victoria 3444, Australia |
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English |
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0031-9384 |
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| Notes |
PMID:28919247 |
Approved |
no |
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LoNNe @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1732 |
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| Author |
Henneken, J.; Jones, T.M. |
| Title |
Pheromones-based sexual selection in a rapidly changing world |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Current Opinion in Insect Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Current Opinion in Insect Science |
| Volume |
24 |
Issue |
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Pages |
84-88 |
| Keywords |
Animals |
| Abstract |
Insects utilise chemical cues for a range of different purposes and the complexity and degree of specificity of these signals is arguably unparalleled in the animal kingdom. Chemical signals are particularly important for insect reproduction and the selective pressures driving their evolution and maintenance have been the subject of previous reviews. However, the world in which chemical cues evolved and are maintained is changing at an unprecedented rate. How (or indeed whether) chemical signals used in sexual selection will respond is largely unknown. Here, we explore how recent increases in urbanisation and associated anthropogenic impacts may affect how chemical signals are produced and perceived. We focus on four anthropomorphic influences which have the potential to interact with pheromone-mediated sexual selection processes; climatic temperature shifts, exposure to chemical pollutants, the presence of artificial light at night and nutrient availability. Our aim is to provide a broad overview of key areas where the rapidly changing environment of the future might specifically affect pheromones utilised in sexual selection. |
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2214-5745 |
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no |
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LoNNe @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1736 |
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