| Records |
| Author |
Roman, M.O.; Stokes, E.C.; Shrestha, R.; Wang, Z.; Schultz, L.; Carlo, E.A.S.; Sun, Q.; Bell, J.; Molthan, A.; Kalb, V.; Ji, C.; Seto, K.C.; McClain, S.N.; Enenkel, M. |
| Title |
Satellite-based assessment of electricity restoration efforts in Puerto Rico after Hurricane Maria |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
PloS one |
Abbreviated Journal |
PLoS One |
| Volume |
14 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
e0218883 |
| Keywords |
Remote Sensing |
Abstract  |
A real-time understanding of the distribution and duration of power outages after a major disaster is a precursor to minimizing their harmful consequences. Here, we develop an approach for using daily satellite nighttime lights data to create spatially disaggregated power outage estimates, tracking electricity restoration efforts after disasters strike. In contrast to existing utility data, these estimates are independent, open, and publicly-available, consistently measured across regions that may be serviced by several different power companies, and inclusive of distributed power supply (off-grid systems). We apply the methodology in Puerto Rico following Hurricane Maria, which caused the longest blackout in US history. Within all of the island's settlements, we track outages and recovery times, and link these measures to census-based demographic characteristics of residents. Our results show an 80% decrease in lights, in total, immediately after Hurricane Maria. During the recovery, a disproportionate share of long-duration power failures (> 120 days) occurred in rural municipalities (41% of rural municipalities vs. 29% of urban municipalities), and in the northern and eastern districts. Unexpectedly, we also identify large disparities in electricity recovery between neighborhoods within the same urban area, based primarily on the density of housing. For many urban areas, poor residents, the most vulnerable to increased mortality and morbidity risks from power losses, shouldered the longest outages because they lived in less dense, detached housing where electricity restoration lagged. The approach developed in this study demonstrates the potential of satellite-based estimates of power recovery to improve the real-time monitoring of disaster impacts, globally, at a spatial resolution that is actionable for the disaster response community. |
| Address |
Harvard Humanitarian Initiative, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America |
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Place of Publication |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1932-6203 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
PMID:31251791 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2564 |
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| Author |
Bará, S. |
| Title |
Characterizing the zenithal night sky brightness in large territories: how many samples per square kilometre are needed? |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
473 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
4164-4173 |
| Keywords |
Instrumentation; atmospheric effects; light pollution; numerical methods; photometry |
| Abstract |
A recurring question arises when trying to characterize, by means of measurements or theoretical calculations, the zenithal night sky brightness throughout a large territory: how many samples per square kilometre are needed? The optimum sampling distance should allow reconstructing, with sufficient accuracy, the continuous zenithal brightness map across the whole region, whilst at the same time avoiding unnecessary and redundant oversampling. This paper attempts to provide some tentative answers to this issue, using two complementary tools: the luminance structure function and the Nyquist–Shannon spatial sampling theorem. The analysis of several regions of the world, based on the data from the New world atlas of artificial night sky brightness, suggests that, as a rule of thumb, about one measurement per square kilometre could be sufficient for determining the zenithal night sky brightness of artificial origin at any point in a region to within ±0.1 magV arcsec–2 (in the root-mean-square sense) of its true value in the Johnson–Cousins V band. The exact reconstruction of the zenithal night sky brightness maps from samples taken at the Nyquist rate seems to be considerably more demanding. |
| Address |
1Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain; salva.bara(at)usc.es |
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| Publisher |
Oxford Academic |
Place of Publication |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0035-8711 |
ISBN |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
2164 |
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| Author |
Bará, S. |
| Title |
Black-body luminance and magnitudes per square arcsecond in the Johnson-Cousins BVR photometric bands |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Photonics Letters of Poland |
Abbreviated Journal |
Photon. Lett. Pl. |
| Volume |
11 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
63 |
| Keywords |
Skyglow; night sky brightness; luminance; photometric |
| Abstract |
A relevant amount of light pollution studies deal with the unwanted visual effects of artificial light at night, including the anthropogenic luminance of the sky that hinders the observation of the celestial bodies which are a main target of ground-based astrophysical research, and a key asset of the intangible heritage of humankind. Most quantitative measurements and numerical models, however, evaluate the anthropogenic sky radiance in any of the standard Johnson-Cousins UBVRI photometric bands, generally in the V one. Since the Johnson-Cousins V band is not identical with the visual CIE V-lambda used to assess luminance, the conversion between these two photometric systems turns out to be spectrum-dependent. Given its interest for practical applications, in this Letter we provide the framework to perform this conversion and the transformation constants for black-body spectra of different absolute temperatures. |
| Address |
Dept. Física Aplicada, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Galicia |
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| Publisher |
Photonics Society of Poland |
Place of Publication |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
2080-2242 |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
2685 |
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| Author |
Barducci, A.; Marcoionni, P.; Pippi, I.; Poggesi, M. |
| Title |
Effects of light pollution revealed during a nocturnal aerial survey by two hyperspectral imagers |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Applied Optics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Opt. |
| Volume |
42 |
Issue |
21 |
Pages |
4349 |
| Keywords |
Remote Sensing |
| Abstract |
A remote-sensing campaign was performed in September 2001 at nighttime under clear-sky conditions before moonrise to assess the level of light pollution of urban and industrial origin. Two hyperspectral sensors, namely, the Multispectral Infrared and Visible Imaging Spectrometer and the Visible Infrared Scanner-200, which provide spectral coverage from the visible to the thermal infrared, were flown over the Tuscany coast (Italy) on board a Casa 212 airplane. The acquired images were processed to produce radiometrically calibrated data, which were then analyzed and compared with ground-based spectral measurements. Calibrated data acquired at high spectral resolution (∼2.5 nm) showed a maximum scene brightness almost of the same order of magnitude as that observed during similar daytime measurements, whereas their average luminosity was 3 orders of magnitude lower. The measurement analysis confirmed that artificial illumination hinders astronomical observations and produces noticeable effects even at great distances from the sources of the illumination. |
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0003-6935 |
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no |
| Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2438 |
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| Author |
Kinzey, B.R.; Perrin, T.E.; Miller, N.J.; Kocifaj, M.; Aubé, M.; Lamphar, H.A. |
| Title |
An investigation of LED street lighting's impact on sky glow |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
PNNL-26411 |
Issue |
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Pages |
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| Keywords |
Skyglow; Lighting |
| Abstract |
A significant amount of public attention has recently focused on perceived impacts of converting street lighting from incumbent lamp-based products to LED technology. Much of this attention pertains to the higher content of short wavelength light (commonly referred to as “blue light”) of LEDs and its attendant influences on sky glow (a brightening of the night sky that can interfere with astronomical observation and may be associated with a host of other issues). The complexity of this topic leads to common misunderstandings and misperceptions among the public, and for this reason the U.S. Department of Energy Solid-State Lighting Program embarked on a study of sky glow using a well-established astronomical model to investigate some of the primary factors influencing sky glow. This report details the results of the investigation and attempts to present those results in terms accessible to the general lighting community. The report also strives to put the results into a larger context, and help educate interested readers on various topics relevant to the issues being discussed. |
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| Corporate Author |
Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States) |
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no |
| Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2014 |
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