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Bauhr, M. & Carlitz, R. |
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Title |
Transparency and the quality of local public service provision |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
The Quality of Government Institute |
Abbreviated Journal |
QOG |
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5 |
Pages |
1-43 |
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Keywords |
Economics; Remote Sensing; public service delivery; Vietnam; Asia |
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Abstract |
Transparency has been widely promoted as a tool for improving public service
delivery; however, empirical evidence is inconclusive. We suggest that the effects of transparency on service provision are contingent on the nature of the service. Specifically, transparency is more likely to improve the quality of service provision when street-level discretion is high, since discretion increases information asymmetries, and, in the absence of transparency, allows officials to target public services in suboptimal ways. Using finely grained data from the Vietnam Provincial Governance and Public Administration Performance Index between 2011–2017, we show that communes that experience increases in transparency also experience improved quality of education and health (services characterized by greater discretion), while the quality of infrastructure
provision (characterized by less discretion) bears no relation to increased transparency. The findings help us understand when transparency can improve service provision, as well the effects of transparency reforms in non-democratic settings. |
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IDA @ intern @ |
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2637 |
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Bautista-Covarrubias, J.C.; Zamora-Ibarra, P.A.; Apreza-Burgos, E.; Rodriguez-Ocampo, A.N.; Peraza-Gomez, V.; Lopez-Sanchez, J.A.; Pacheco-Vega, J.M.; Gonzalez-Hermoso, J.P.; Frias-Espericueta, M.G. |
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Title |
Immune response and oxidative stress of shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei at different moon phases |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Fish & Shellfish Immunology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Fish Shellfish Immunol |
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106 |
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591-595 |
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Keywords |
Moonlight; Animals; Moon phase; Oxidative stress; Sod; Shrimp; Vibrio |
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Abstract |
Moon phases influence the molting process of shrimp, which affect other physiological processes as immune response. This study analyzed some parameters of immune response: total hemocytes counts (THC), hemolymph clotting time and superoxide anion (O2(-)) production, total protein concentration, superoxide dismutase activity, and the presence of Vibrio spp. in Litopenaeus vannamei at different moon phases. The highest percentage of organisms in intermolt stage was observed in the first quarter moon phase (95%). The highest THC was observed at new moon phase, which was significantly different (p < 0.05) than that observed at the third quarter phase. Hemolymph clotting time and CFU values of Vibrio spp. showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) between different moon phases. The higher (p < 0.05) mean O2(-) production value (0.400 +/- 0.168 nmol min(-1) mL(-1)) was determined in hepatopancreas at new moon phase. No relationship was observed between O2(-) and SOD activity, indicating that this antioxidant response was enough to counteract the influence of oxidative stress in L. vannamei at different moon phases. |
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Laboratorio de Estudios Ambientales, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Autonoma de Sinaloa, Paseo Claussen s/n, Mazatlan, Sinaloa, C.P. 82000, Mexico |
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1050-4648 |
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PMID:32846243 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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3100 |
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Beccali, M.; Bonomolo, M.; Leccese, F.; Lista, D.; Salvadori, G. |
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On the impact of safety requirements, energy prices and investment costs in street lighting refurbishment design |
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Journal Article |
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2018 |
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Energy |
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Energy |
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in press |
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in press |
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Lighting; Economics; Energy; Planning |
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Street lighting is an indispensable feature for the night landscape of cities. It is important for road safety, users visual comfort, crime prevention and to augment the perceived personal safety. Realize and maintain an adequate street lighting service is very expensive for municipalities with significant impact on their budgets. For this reason, special attention should be paid to the design of new street lighting systems and to the refurbishment of existing ones, since many of them are inadequate. In light of this it is very important to implement street lighting designs that fulfil lighting requirements avoiding energy waste and light pollution and, at the same time, result economically sustainable for municipalities. In this paper, an original step by step methodology for the lighting, energy and economic analysis of street lighting refurbishment designs has been introduced and explained in detail. The methodology is suitable for use in cities of different sizes. As an applicative example, the methodology has been tested in the town of Pontedera (Italy) and the results are discussed, also providing a sensitivity analysis of the economic feasibility with respect to the variations of electricity prices and investment costs. |
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0360-5442 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2020 |
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Author |
Becker, A.; Whitfield, A.K.; Cowley, P.D.; Järnegren, J.; Naesje, T.F.; Crispo, E. |
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Title |
Potential effects of artificial light associated with anthropogenic infrastructure on the abundance and foraging behaviour of estuary-associated fishes |
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2013 |
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Journal of Applied Ecology |
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J Appl Ecol |
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50 |
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1 |
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43-50 |
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fish; biology; ecology |
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As a consequence of a positive phototaxic response, the findings of this study suggest that artificial light often associated with man-made structures has the potential to alter fish communities within urban estuarine ecosystems by creating optimal conditions for predators. Future coastal developments should consider the ecological implications of lighting on aquatic communities. We recommend that lighting be minimized around coastal infrastructure and the use of red lights, which have limited penetration though water, be considered. |
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0021-8901 |
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IDA @ john @ |
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64 |
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Author |
Bedrosian, T.A.; Nelson, R.J. |
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Title |
Timing of light exposure affects mood and brain circuits |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Translational Psychiatry |
Abbreviated Journal |
Transl Psychiatry |
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7 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
e1017 |
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Keywords |
Human Health; Review |
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Abstract |
Temporal organization of physiology is critical for human health. In the past, humans experienced predictable periods of daily light and dark driven by the solar day, which allowed for entrainment of intrinsic circadian rhythms to the environmental light-dark cycles. Since the adoption of electric light, however, pervasive exposure to nighttime lighting has blurred the boundaries of day and night, making it more difficult to synchronize biological processes. Many systems are under circadian control, including sleep-wake behavior, hormone secretion, cellular function and gene expression. Circadian disruption by nighttime light perturbs those processes and is associated with increasing incidence of certain cancers, metabolic dysfunction and mood disorders. This review focuses on the role of artificial light at night in mood regulation, including mechanisms through which aberrant light exposure affects the brain. Converging evidence suggests that circadian disruption alters the function of brain regions involved in emotion and mood regulation. This occurs through direct neural input from the clock or indirect effects, including altered neuroplasticity, neurotransmission and clock gene expression. Recently, the aberrant light exposure has been recognized for its health effects. This review summarizes the evidence linking aberrant light exposure to mood. |
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Department of Neuroscience, Behavioral Neuroendocrinology Group, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA |
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English |
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2158-3188 |
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PMID:28140399; PMCID:PMC5299389 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2446 |
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