| Records |
Author  |
Beyer, R., Chhabra, E., Galdo, V., & Rama M. |
| Title |
Measuring Districts’ Monthly Economic Activity from Outer Space |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
The World Bank |
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| Keywords |
Remote Sensing |
| Abstract |
Evening-hour luminosity observed using satellites is a good proxy for economic activity. The strengths of measuring economic activity using nightlight measurements include that the data capture informal activity, are available in near real-time, are cheap to obtain, and can be used to conduct very spatially granular analysis. This paper presents a measure of monthly economic activity at the district level based on cleaned Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite nightlight and rural population. The paper demonstrates that this new method can shed light on recent episodes in South Asia: first, the 2015 earthquake in Nepal; second, demonetization in India; and, third, violent conflict outbreaks in Afghanistan. |
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IDA @ intern @ |
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2965 |
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Bhardwaj, M.; Soanes, K.; Lahoz-Monfort, J.J.; Lumsden, L.F.; van der Ree, R. |
| Title |
Artificial lighting reduces the effectiveness of wildlife-crossing structures for insectivorous bats |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Journal of Environmental Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
Journal of Environmental Management |
| Volume |
262 |
Issue |
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Pages |
110313 |
| Keywords |
Animals |
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In an attempt to improve cost-effectiveness, it has become increasingly popular to adapt wildlife crossing structures to enable people to also use them for safe passage across roads. However, the required needs of humans and wildlife may conflict, resulting in a structure that does not actually provide the perceived improvement in cost-effectiveness, but instead a reduction in conservation benefits. For example, lighting within crossing structures for human safety at night may reduce use of the structure by nocturnal wildlife, thus contributing to barrier and mortality effects of roads rather than mitigating them.
In this study, we experimentally evaluated the impact of artificial light at night on the rate of use of wildlife crossing structures, specifically underpasses, by ten insectivorous bat species groups in south-eastern Australia. We monitored bat activity before, during and after artificially lighting the underpasses. We found that bats tended to avoided lit underpasses, and only one species consistently showed attraction to the light. Artificial light at night in underpasses hypothetically increases the vulnerability of bats to road-mortality or to the barrier effect of roads. The most likely outcomes of lighting underpasses were 1. an increase in crossing rate above the freeway and a decrease under the underpasses, or 2. a reduction in crossing rate both above freeways and under the underpasses, when structures were lit. Our results corroborate those of studies on terrestrial mammals, and thus we recommend that underpasses intended to facilitate the movement of wildlife across roads should not be lit. |
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0301-4797 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2846 |
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Bharti, N.; Tatem, A.J. |
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Fluctuations in anthropogenic nighttime lights from satellite imagery for five cities in Niger and Nigeria |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Scientific Data |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sci Data |
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5 |
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180256 |
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Remote Sensing |
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Dynamic measures of human populations are critical for global health management but are often overlooked, largely because they are difficult to quantify. Measuring human population dynamics can be prohibitively expensive in under-resourced communities. Satellite imagery can provide measurements of human populations, past and present, to complement public health analyses and interventions. We used anthropogenic illumination from publicly accessible, serial satellite nighttime images as a quantifiable proxy for seasonal population variation in five urban areas in Niger and Nigeria. We identified population fluxes as the mechanistic driver of regional seasonal measles outbreaks. Our data showed 1) urban illumination fluctuated seasonally, 2) corresponding population fluctuations were sufficient to drive seasonal measles outbreaks, and 3) overlooking these fluctuations during vaccination activities resulted in below-target coverage levels, incapable of halting transmission of the virus. We designed immunization solutions capable of achieving above-target coverage of both resident and mobile populations. Here, we provide detailed data on brightness from 2000-2005 for 5 cities in Niger and Nigeria and detailed methodology for application to other populations. |
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WorldPop, Department of Geography and Environment, University of Southampton; Flowminder Foundation, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK |
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2052-4463 |
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PMID:30422123; PMCID:PMC6233255 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2769 |
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Bharti, N.; Tatem, A.J.; Ferrari, M.J.; Grais, R.F.; Djibo, A.; Grenfell, B.T. |
| Title |
Explaining seasonal fluctuations of measles in Niger using nighttime lights imagery |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
| Volume |
334 |
Issue |
6061 |
Pages |
1424-1427 |
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Remote Sensing; Human Health; Cities; Emigration and Immigration; Epidemics; *Epidemiologic Methods; Humans; Light; Measles/*epidemiology/transmission; Niger/epidemiology; *Population Density; Remote Sensing Technology; *Seasons; Spacecraft |
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Measles epidemics in West Africa cause a significant proportion of vaccine-preventable childhood mortality. Epidemics are strongly seasonal, but the drivers of these fluctuations are poorly understood, which limits the predictability of outbreaks and the dynamic response to immunization. We show that measles seasonality can be explained by spatiotemporal changes in population density, which we measure by quantifying anthropogenic light from satellite imagery. We find that measles transmission and population density are highly correlated for three cities in Niger. With dynamic epidemic models, we demonstrate that measures of population density are essential for predicting epidemic progression at the city level and improving intervention strategies. In addition to epidemiological applications, the ability to measure fine-scale changes in population density has implications for public health, crisis management, and economic development. |
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Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. nbharti@princeton.edu |
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0036-8075 |
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PMID:22158822; PMCID:PMC3891598 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2770 |
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Bhukya, K. A., Ramasubbareddy, S., Govinda, K., & Srinivas, T. A. S. |
| Title |
Adaptive Mechanism for Smart Street Lighting System |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Smart Intelligent Computing and Applications |
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160 |
Issue |
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69-76 |
| Keywords |
Lighting |
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The adaptive street light has the ability to adapt to the motion of cycles, cars and pedestrians. It uses motion as well as light sensors to detect the traffic and light around. It dims when there is no movement on the road, and is brightened when there is any activity. Smart street lights are very dissimilar from the old methods of lighting. It is an automated system that will be able to automate the streets. The main objective of these lights is to decrease the utilization of power, while no activity is detected on the street. It will be switched ON while there are pedestrians and cars on the street or else they will get dimmed to 20% of the brightness. The proposed approach gives a method to conserve power by using the PIR sensors to sense the incoming traffic and hence turning ON a cluster of lights surrounding the traffic. As the traffic is passing by, the street lights left behind will dim on its own. Hence, a lot of power can be conserved. Also, during the day time when there is no need of light the LDR sensor will sense the light and the light will remain switched OFF. This smart street light system comes under the domain of smart city. |
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IDA @ intern @ |
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2723 |
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