| Records |
Author  |
Barducci, A.; Marcoionni, P.; Pippi, I.; Poggesi, M. |
| Title |
Effects of light pollution revealed during a nocturnal aerial survey by two hyperspectral imagers |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Applied Optics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Opt. |
| Volume |
42 |
Issue |
21 |
Pages |
4349 |
| Keywords |
Remote Sensing |
| Abstract |
A remote-sensing campaign was performed in September 2001 at nighttime under clear-sky conditions before moonrise to assess the level of light pollution of urban and industrial origin. Two hyperspectral sensors, namely, the Multispectral Infrared and Visible Imaging Spectrometer and the Visible Infrared Scanner-200, which provide spectral coverage from the visible to the thermal infrared, were flown over the Tuscany coast (Italy) on board a Casa 212 airplane. The acquired images were processed to produce radiometrically calibrated data, which were then analyzed and compared with ground-based spectral measurements. Calibrated data acquired at high spectral resolution (∼2.5 nm) showed a maximum scene brightness almost of the same order of magnitude as that observed during similar daytime measurements, whereas their average luminosity was 3 orders of magnitude lower. The measurement analysis confirmed that artificial illumination hinders astronomical observations and produces noticeable effects even at great distances from the sources of the illumination. |
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0003-6935 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2438 |
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| Author |
Barentine, J.C. |
| Title |
Methods for Assessment and Monitoring of Light Pollution around Ecologically Sensitive Sites |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Journal of Imaging |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Imaging |
| Volume |
5 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
54 |
| Keywords |
Instrumentation; Skyglow; Remote Sensing; Review |
| Abstract |
Since the introduction of electric lighting over a century ago, and particularly in the decades following the Second World War, indications of artificial light on the nighttime Earth as seen from Earth orbit have increased at a rate exceeding that of world population growth during the same period. Modification of the natural photic environment at night is a clear and imminent consequence of the proliferation of anthropogenic light at night into outdoor spaces, and with this unprecedented change comes a host of known and suspected ecological consequences. In the past two decades, the conservation community has gradually come to view light pollution as a threat requiring the development of best management practices. Establishing those practices demands a means of quantifying the problem, identifying polluting sources, and monitoring the evolution of their impacts through time. The proliferation of solid-state lighting and the changes to source spectral power distribution it has brought relative to legacy lighting technologies add the complication of color to the overall situation. In this paper, I describe the challenge of quantifying light pollution threats to ecologically-sensitive sites in the context of efforts to conserve natural nighttime darkness, assess the current state of the art in detection and imaging technology as applied to this realm, review some recent innovations, and consider future prospects for imaging approaches to provide substantial support for darkness conservation initiatives around the world. |
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2313-433X |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2498 |
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| Author |
Barghini, A.; de Medeiros, B.A.S. |
| Title |
Artificial lighting as a vector attractant and cause of disease diffusion |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Environmental Health Perspectives |
Abbreviated Journal |
Environ Health Perspect |
| Volume |
118 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
1503-1506 |
| Keywords |
Human Health |
| Abstract |
BACKGROUND: Traditionally, epidemiologists have considered electrification to be a positive factor. In fact, electrification and plumbing are typical initiatives that represent the integration of an isolated population into modern society, ensuring the control of pathogens and promoting public health. Nonetheless, electrification is always accompanied by night lighting that attracts insect vectors and changes people's behavior. Although this may lead to new modes of infection and increased transmission of insect-borne diseases, epidemiologists rarely consider the role of night lighting in their surveys. OBJECTIVE: We reviewed the epidemiological evidence concerning the role of lighting in the spread of vector-borne diseases to encourage other researchers to consider it in future studies. DISCUSSION: We present three infectious vector-borne diseases-Chagas, leishmaniasis, and malaria-and discuss evidence that suggests that the use of artificial lighting results in behavioral changes among human populations and changes in the prevalence of vector species and in the modes of transmission. CONCLUSION: Despite a surprising lack of studies, existing evidence supports our hypothesis that artificial lighting leads to a higher risk of infection from vector-borne diseases. We believe that this is related not only to the simple attraction of traditional vectors to light sources but also to changes in the behavior of both humans and insects that result in new modes of disease transmission. Considering the ongoing expansion of night lighting in developing countries, additional research on this subject is urgently needed. |
| Address |
Laboratorio de Estudos Evolutivos Humanos, Departamento de Genetica e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brasil. barghini@iee.usp.br |
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English |
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0091-6765 |
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PMID:20675268; PMCID:PMC2974685 |
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no |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2184 |
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| Author |
Barrette, T.P.; Pike, A.M. |
| Title |
Closed-Course Human Factors Evaluation of Marking and Marker Visibility |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board |
Abbreviated Journal |
Transportation Research Record |
| Volume |
2673 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
840-849 |
| Keywords |
Vision; Transportation; Raised retroreflective pavement markers; retroreflectivity |
| Abstract |
Raised retroreflective pavement markers (RRPMs) are commonly used to provide nighttime delineation of roadways. Although RRPMs are visible during dry conditions, they provide their greatest benefit during wet-night conditions, when typical pavement markings become flooded and lose their retroreflectivite properties. Naturally, the retroreflectivity of RRPMs degrades over time as a result of traffic, ultraviolet light, precipitation, and roadway maintenance activities. Subsequently, it is necessary to examine the relationship between driver performance and the condition of the RRPMs. To assess visibility relative to RRPM condition, study participants rode in the passenger seat of a vehicle operated by a member of the research team, traveling at approximately 15 mph, for two laps around a closed course. Throughout each lap of the course, nine treatments consisting of RRPMs or preformed pavement marking tape of various retroreflectivity levels diverged from a center line to either the right or left. Participants indicated when they could tell which direction the treatment diverged, which was recorded using a GPS unit. A generalized linear model was estimated on a dataset constructed by pairing the observed distances from various treatments with demographic information about each participant. The analysis indicates the distance at which a particular treatment would be visible, which can then be converted to preview time to assess treatment adequacy for a variety of speeds. The RRPM treatments generally provided adequate preview time for older drivers based on the extant literature; however, the preformed pavement marking tape was less adequate at higher speeds and under overhead lighting. |
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0361-1981 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2499 |
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| Author |
Barrette, T.P.; Pike, A.M. |
| Title |
Closed-Course Human Factors Evaluation of Marking and Marker Visibility |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board |
Abbreviated Journal |
Transportation Research Record |
| Volume |
2673 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
840-849 |
| Keywords |
Vision |
| Abstract |
Raised retroreflective pavement markers (RRPMs) are commonly used to provide nighttime delineation of roadways. Although RRPMs are visible during dry conditions, they provide their greatest benefit during wet-night conditions, when typical pavement markings become flooded and lose their retroreflectivite properties. Naturally, the retroreflectivity of RRPMs degrades over time as a result of traffic, ultraviolet light, precipitation, and roadway maintenance activities. Subsequently, it is necessary to examine the relationship between driver performance and the condition of the RRPMs. To assess visibility relative to RRPM condition, study participants rode in the passenger seat of a vehicle operated by a member of the research team, traveling at approximately 15 mph, for two laps around a closed course. Throughout each lap of the course, nine treatments consisting of RRPMs or preformed pavement marking tape of various retroreflectivity levels diverged from a center line to either the right or left. Participants indicated when they could tell which direction the treatment diverged, which was recorded using a GPS unit. A generalized linear model was estimated on a dataset constructed by pairing the observed distances from various treatments with demographic information about each participant. The analysis indicates the distance at which a particular treatment would be visible, which can then be converted to preview time to assess treatment adequacy for a variety of speeds. The RRPM treatments generally provided adequate preview time for older drivers based on the extant literature; however, the preformed pavement marking tape was less adequate at higher speeds and under overhead lighting. |
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0361-1981 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2775 |
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