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Babadi, S.; Ramirez-Inguiez, R.; Boutaleb, T.; Mallick, T. |
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Title |
Producing uniform illumination within a rectangular area by using a nonimaging optic |
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Journal Article |
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2018 |
Publication |
Applied Optics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Opt. |
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57 |
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31 |
Pages |
9357 |
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Keywords |
Lighting |
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Abstract |
This paper proposes a new design method to create a novel optical element to generate uniform illumination within a rectangular area. Based on this model, an illuminated area is irradiated by two sets of rays; the first one irradiates the target plane after refraction from the top section of the lens, and the second one irradiates from the reflection at the side profile of the lens and then from refraction at the top part of the lens. The results show that a uniformity of over 90% can be achieved. |
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1559-128X |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2046 |
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Babaii, A., Adib-Hajbaghery, M., & Hajibagheri, A. |
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Title |
Effect of Using Eye Mask on Sleep Quality in Cardiac Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial. |
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Journal Article |
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2015 |
Publication |
Nursing and Midwifery Studies |
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4 |
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4 |
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Human Health |
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BACKGROUND:
Patients in coronary care unit are at risk of sleep deprivation. Sleep deprivation can be associated with increased blood pressure and heart rate, raising the risk of developing cardiovascular problems among patients hospitalized in coronary care unit.
OBJECTIVES:
This study was carried out to examine the effect of eye mask on sleep quality in cardiac patients.
PATIENTS AND METHODS:
In this randomized controlled trial, 60 patients who met the inclusion criteria were selected using a convenient sampling method and randomly allocated into the experimental and control groups. Patients in the control group received routine care. However, in the experimental group, patients received routine care and eye mask for three subsequent nights. In the both groups, the sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index. Data were analyzed by the chi-square test, independent samples t-test, Mann-Whitney U, and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests.
RESULTS:
After the study, the median scores of the subjective sleep quality, the sleep latency, the sleep duration, the habitual sleep efficiency, and the sleep disturbances domains, as well as the median score of overall Pittsburgh sleep quality index in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). However, no significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of the use of sleep medications and the daytime dysfunction domains (P > 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS:
Using eye mask can significantly improve the sleep quality in cardiac patients. Therefore, nurses are recommended to use eye mask in combination with current treatments for improving patients' sleep quality. |
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IDA @ intern @ |
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2303 |
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Baddiley, C. |
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Title |
Light pollution modelling, and measurements at Malvern Hills AONB, of county conversion to blue rich LEDs |
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Journal Article |
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2018 |
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Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer |
Abbreviated Journal |
Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer |
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219 |
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142-173 |
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Skyglow |
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The introduction of blue rich colour, Correlated-Colour-Temperature (CCT) 6000K road lighting could increase skyglow significantly compared with CCT 3000K types, if the blue content reaches the sky.
Highways England have a policy for lighting specification on motorways advised by the author's work. This is a categorised environmental impact point system of summed brightness as a function of angle from vertically down to the cut off angle; but with no CCT limitation.
Modelling was done for Malvern-Hills Area-of-Outstanding-Natural-Beauty (MHAONB), for the nighttime environmental impact of the LED replacement of Low-Pressure-Sodium throughout Herefordshire. The study was extended to include High-Pressure-Sodium and to LEDs at several CCTs, for the same Photopic ground illuminance.
Dark-Sky-Survey geographic location results for the MHAONB (2012) are described. Near-Zenith sky brightness photometry became continuous from 2016 at 2 minute intervals in all weathers, not just clear nights, with a networked calibrated Unihedron Lensed Sky Quality Meter (LSQM). Samples were also taken of all-sky camera images, corrected for vignetting and near-Zenith calibrated with the LSQM, to study weather effects, Milky Way contribution, and Herefordshire lighting conversion to blue-rich LEDs (2013-15), compared with the less converted Severn valley direction.
Time-plots and histogram analysis showed a small reduction in brightness (2012-2018), 0.1 mag.arcsec−2. Most variation is from increased sampling of distant cloud cover effects. Mist or low cloud on the horizon obscures light sources beyond reducing local skyglow, while high cloud reflects, increasing clear sky brightness. The Milky Way is critically 20% above background. Darkest periods near Zenith reach 21.1 mag.arcsec−2, to 21.2 after rain or surrounding low-cloud or poor-visibility. Clear-sky brightness decreases into early hours (∼0.03 mag.arcsec−2/hr); dimming effects were not seen.
The Zenith brightness is still set by distant cities, while towards the horizon, commercial and private uncontrolled non-directional LED lighting is increasing, negating the improvements in road lighting. |
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0022-4073 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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1914 |
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Baddiley, C. |
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Light pollution colour changes at MHAONB, from distant town conversions to blue-rich LED lighting, implications for rural UK skies |
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2021 |
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Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer |
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Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer |
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in press |
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107574 |
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Skyglow |
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The sky in the Malvern Hills Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (MHAONB) has been monitored continually since 2012, when a dark sky survey of the area was carried out commissioned by Malvern Hills Conservators. Ever since then at F.C.Mathon, the sky brightness has been measured continually, in the last few years at minute intervals in all weathers. On the darkest of nights, a fisheye lensed camera was used at the same intervals. There is a trend in brightness distribution and colour changes on the sky, especially towards the horizon, with clearly separated bright sky domes. The sky quality meter (SQM) photometry data near zenith does not show any great change. In 2015, Malvern Hills Conservators commissioned the author for modelling of the effect on the MHAONB sky, of the ongoing blue rich LED re-lighting throughout Herefordshire.
The SQM photometry shows the sky brightness are very weather dependent; and the camera shows colour changes from orange-pink to blue-rich LEDs. Besides the trend over recent years to blue white from orange, changes can occur over hours or even minutes, depending on cloud cover over individual towns on or beyond the horizon, and local humidity levels. It can vary from orange to blue and red. Clear skies can vary in overall colour from one night to another and brightness falls overnight. This is shown in isophotes and accurate profile curve fitting. The effect of 2020 lockdown is included. A measurement was made of the clear air back scatter ratio from a known luminance source which can be used to estimate the sky visibility degradation from any planned lighting scheme.
For the rural UK, the Milky Way is only 20% contrast to background at zenith on the darkest nights, (MHAONB 21.10 mag.arcsec-2), doubling the road light level across Europe would make it invisible. |
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0022-4073 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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3417 |
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Baekelandt, S.; Milla, S.; Cornet, V.; Flamion, E.; Ledore, Y.; Redivo, B.; Antipine, S.; Mandiki, S.N.M.; Houndji, A.; El Kertaoui, N.; Kestemont, P. |
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Seasonal simulated photoperiods influence melatonin release and immune markers of pike perch Sander lucioperca |
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Journal Article |
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2020 |
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Scientific Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sci Rep |
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10 |
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1 |
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2650 |
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Animals |
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Melatonin is considered as the time-keeping hormone acting on important physiological functions of teleosts. While the influence of melatonin on reproduction and development is well described, its potential role on immune functions has little been considered. In order to better define an immune modulation by the melatonin hormone, we hypothesized that natural variations of photoperiod and subsequent changes in melatonin release profile may act on immune status of pikeperch. Therefore, we investigated during 70 days the effects of two photoperiod regimes simulating the fall and spring in western Europe, on pikeperch physiological and immune responses. Samples were collected at 04:00 and 15:00 at days 1, 37 and 70. Growth, plasma melatonin levels, innate immune markers and expression of immune-relevant genes in head kidney tissue were assessed. While growth and stress level were not affected by the seasonal simulated photoperiods, nocturnal levels of plasma melatonin were photoperiod-dependent. Innate immune markers, including lysozyme, complement, peroxidase and phagocytic activities, were stimulated by the fall-simulated photoperiod and a significant correlation was made with plasma melatonin. In addition to bring the first evidence of changes in fish immunocompetence related to photoperiod, our results provide an additional indication supporting the immunomodulatory action of melatonin in teleosts. |
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Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, Namur, B-5000, Belgium |
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English |
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2045-2322 |
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PMID:32060347; PMCID:PMC7021833 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2942 |
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