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Author |
Mège, P.; Ödeen, A.; Théry, M.; Picard, D.; Secondi, J. |
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Title |
Partial Opsin Sequences Suggest UV-Sensitive Vision is Widespread in Caudata |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Evolutionary Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Evol. Biol. |
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Volume |
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Pages |
1-10 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Caudata; amphibians; ultraviolet; ultraviolet vision; opsin; photobiology; SWS1; Paralog gene; Tuning site; Nocturnal species; Sliding window; Ka/Ks |
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Abstract |
Ultraviolet (UV) vision exists in several animal groups. Intuitively, one would expect this trait to be favoured in species living in bright environments, where UV light is the most present. However, UV sensitivity, as deduced from sequences of UV photoreceptors and/or ocular media transmittance, is also present in nocturnal species, raising questions about the selective pressure maintaining this perceptual ability. Amphibians are among the most nocturnal vertebrates but their visual ecology remains poorly understood relative to other groups. Perhaps because many of these species breed in environments that filter out a large part of UV radiation, physiological and behavioural studies of UV sensitivity in this group are scarce. We investigated the extent of UV vision in Caudata, the order of amphibians with the most nocturnal habits. We could recover sequences of the UV sensitive SWS1 opsin in 40 out of 58 species, belonging to 6 families. In all of these species, the evidence suggests the presence of functional SWS1 opsins under purifying selection, potentially allowing UV vision. Interestingly, most species whose opsin genes failed to amplify exhibited particular ecological features that could drive the loss of UV vision. This likely wide distribution of functional UV photoreceptors in Caudata sheds a new light on the visual ecology of amphibians and questions the function of UV vision in nocturnal animal species. |
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Address |
GECCO, Université d’Angers, 2 Bd Lavoisier, 49045, Angers, France; pascal.mege(at)gmail.com |
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Springer |
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English |
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English |
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ISSN |
0071-3260 |
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Call Number |
IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
1299 |
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Author |
Silva, A.D.; Diez‐Méndez, D.; Kempenaers, B. |
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Title |
Effects of experimental night lighting on the daily timing of winter foraging in common European songbirds |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Journal of Avian Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Avian Biol |
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Volume |
48 |
Issue |
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Pages |
862-871 |
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Keywords |
Animals |
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Abstract |
The ecological effects of light pollution are becoming better understood, especially in birds. Recent studies have shown that several bird species can use street lighting to extend activity into the night during the breeding season. However, most of these studies are correlational and little is known about the effects of artificial night lighting on the timing of activities outside the breeding season. During winter, low temperatures and short days may limit foraging opportunities and can negatively affect survival of resident birds. However, night lighting may allow them to expand the time niche available for foraging. Here, we report on a study where we repeatedly manipulated the amount of night lighting during early winter at automated feeding stations in a natural forest. We used video-recordings at the feeders to determine the time of the first (at dawn) and last (at dusk) foraging visits for six songbird species. We predicted that all species, and in particular the naturally early-foraging species, would advance their daily onset of foraging during the mornings with night lighting, but would show minimal or no delays in their daily cessation of foraging during the lighted evenings. We found that two early-foraging species, the blue tit and the great tit, started foraging earlier during the experimentally lighted mornings. However, in great tits, this effect was weak and restricted to nights with inclement weather. The light treatment did not have any effect on the start of foraging in the willow/marsh tit, the nuthatch, the European jay, and the blackbird. Artificial night lighting did not cause later foraging at dusk in any of the six species. Overall, our results suggest that artificial light during winter has only small effects on timing of foraging. We discuss these findings and the importance of temperature and winter weather in shaping the observed foraging patterns. |
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0908-8857 |
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Call Number |
LoNNe @ kyba @ |
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1627 |
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Author |
Escofet, J.; Bará, S. |
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Title |
Reducing the circadian input from self-luminous devices using hardware filters and software applications |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Lighting Research and Technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Lighting Res. & Tech. |
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Volume |
49 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
481-496 |
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Keywords |
Lighting; devices; circadian disruption; screens; self-luminous |
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Abstract |
The widespread use of self-luminous devices at nighttime (cell-phones, computers, and tablets) raises some reasonable concerns regarding their effects on human physiology. Light at night is a known circadian disruptor, particularly at short visible wavelengths, and it seems advisable to have practical tools for tailoring the spectral radiance of these displays. We analyse two possible strategies to achieve this goal, using hardware filters or software applications. Overall, software applications seem to offer, at the present time, the best trade-offs for controlling the light spectra emitted by existing devices. We submit that such tools should be included as a standard feature on any self-luminous device and that their default settings should be established according to the best available knowledge on the circadian effects of light. |
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Address |
Departament d'Òptica i Optometria, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Terrassa, Catalunya, Spain; salva.bara(at)usc.es |
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SAGE |
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English |
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English |
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ISSN |
1477-1535 |
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Call Number |
IDA @ john @ |
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1315 |
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Author |
Zamorano, J.; Sánchez de Miguel, A.; Ocaña, F.; Pila-Diez, B.; Gómez Castaño, J.; Pascual, S.; Tapia, C.; Gallego, J.; Fernandez, A.; Nievas, M. |
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Title |
Testing sky brightness models against radial dependency: a dense two dimensional survey around the city of Madrid, Spain |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer |
Abbreviated Journal |
JQSRT |
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Volume |
181 |
Issue |
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Pages |
52-66 |
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Keywords |
Skyglow; measurements; light pollution; artificial light at night; modeling; Madrid; Spain |
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Abstract |
We present a study of the night sky brightness around the extended metropolitan area of Madrid using Sky Quality Meter (SQM) photometers. The map is the first to cover the spatial distribution of the sky brightness in the center of the Iberian peninsula. These surveys are neccessary to test the light pollution models that predict night sky brightness as a function of the location and brightness of the sources of light pollution and the scattering of light in the atmosphere. We describe the data-retrieval methodology, which includes an automated procedure to measure from a moving vehicle in order to speed up the data collection, providing a denser and wider survey than previous works with similar time frames. We compare the night sky brightness map to the nocturnal radiance measured from space by the DMSP satellite. We find that i) a single source model is not enough to explain the radial evolution of the night sky brightness, despite the predominance of Madrid in size and population, and ii) that the orography of the region should be taken into account when deriving geo-specific models from general first-principles models. We show the tight relationship between these two luminance measures. This finding sets up an alternative roadmap to extended studies over the globe that will not require the local deployment of photometers or trained personnel. |
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Address |
Dept. Astrof´ısica y CC. de la Atm´osfera, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain |
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no |
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Call Number |
IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
1323 |
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Author |
Labuda, M.; Koch, R.; Nagyová, A. |
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Title |
“Dark Sky Parks” as measure to support nature tourism in large protection areas – case study in the Nature Park “Nossentiner/Schwinzer Heide” |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Naturschutz und Landschaftsplanung |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
47 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
380-388 |
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Keywords |
Society; dark sky parks; tourism; astrotourism; economic impact; economics; economic benefit; Germany |
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Abstract |
Some of the key characteristics of environmentally compatible. tourism are the minimisation of negative impacts on the environment and the preservation of the ecological capacity. “Dark Sky Parks” are one of the important measures to support nature tourism in large protection areas. Using the example of the Nature Park “Nossentiner/Schwinzer Heide” the paper introduces a concept of 'astrotourism': measurements of the brightness (magnitude) of the nocturnal sky, selection of suitable sites for astronomic observations, development of a lighting plan which mainly aims to define rules and guidelines for the outdoor lighting, and measures to protect the nocturnal sky and reduce the light pollution in the future Dark Sky Park. The region of the Nature Park Nossentiner/Schwinzer Heide is characterised by a minor light pollution, due to a low settlement density and its large, coherent forest areas. This fact contributes to the protection of nocturnal species and it can be used for the future tourism concept in the protection area. The presented concept to develop nature tourism shows a reaction on one of the fastest environmental changes: the decreasing intensity of natural darkness due to artificial light sources. |
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Publisher |
Eugen Ulmer KG |
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0940-6808 |
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Call Number |
IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
1341 |
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