| Records |
| Author |
Owens, A.C.S.; Lewis, S.M. |
| Title |
The impact of artificial light at night on nocturnal insects: A review and synthesis |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Ecology and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecol Evol |
| Volume |
8 |
Issue |
22 |
Pages  |
11337-11358 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Review |
| Abstract |
In recent decades, advances in lighting technology have precipitated exponential increases in night sky brightness worldwide, raising concerns in the scientific community about the impact of artificial light at night (ALAN) on crepuscular and nocturnal biodiversity. Long-term records show that insect abundance has declined significantly over this time, with worrying implications for terrestrial ecosystems. The majority of investigations into the vulnerability of nocturnal insects to artificial light have focused on the flight-to-light behavior exhibited by select insect families. However, ALAN can affect insects in other ways as well. This review proposes five categories of ALAN impact on nocturnal insects, highlighting past research and identifying key knowledge gaps. We conclude with a summary of relevant literature on bioluminescent fireflies, which emphasizes the unique vulnerability of terrestrial light-based communication systems to artificial illumination. Comprehensive understanding of the ecological impacts of ALAN on diverse nocturnal insect taxa will enable researchers to seek out methods whereby fireflies, moths, and other essential members of the nocturnal ecosystem can coexist with humans on an increasingly urbanized planet. |
| Address |
Department of Biology Tufts University Medford Massachusetts |
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English |
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| ISSN |
2045-7758 |
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| Notes |
PMID:30519447; PMCID:PMC6262936 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2132 |
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| Author |
Long, X.; Tie, X.; Zhou, J.; Dai, W.; Li, X.; Feng, T.; Li, G.; Cao, J.; An, Z. |
| Title |
Impact of the Green Light Program on haze in the North China Plain, China |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Atmos. Chem. Phys. |
| Volume |
19 |
Issue |
17 |
Pages |
11185-11197 |
| Keywords |
Economics; Lighting; Planning |
| Abstract |
As the world's largest developing country, China has undergone ever-increasing demand for electricity during the past few decades. In 1996, China launched the Green Light Program (GLP), which became a national energy conservation activity for saving lighting electricity as well as an effective reduction of the coal consumption for power generation. Despite the great success of the GLP, its effects on haze have not been investigated and well understood. This study focused on assessing the potential coal saving induced by the improvement of luminous efficacy, the core of the GLP, and on estimating the consequent effects on the haze in the North China Plain (NCP), where a large number of power plants are located and are often engulfed by severe haze. The estimated potential coal saving induced by the GLP can reach a massive value of 120–323 million tons, accounting for 6.7 %–18.0 % of the total coal consumption for thermal power generation in China. There was a massive potential emission reduction of air pollutants from thermal power generation in the NCP, which was estimated to be 20.0–53.8 Gg for NOx and 6.9–18.7 Gg for SO2 in December 2015. The potential emission reduction induced by the GLP plays important roles in the haze formation, because the NOx and SO2 are important precursors for the formation of particles. To assess the impact of the GLP on haze, sensitivity studies were conducted by applying a regional chemical–dynamical model (WRF-CHEM). The model results suggest that in the case of lower-limit emission reduction, the PM2.5 concentration decreased by 2–5 µg m−3 in large areas of the NCP. In the case of upper-limit emission reduction, there was much more remarkable decrease in PM2.5 concentration (4–10 µg m−3). This study is a good example to illustrate that scientific innovation can induce important benefits for environment issues such as haze. |
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| ISSN |
1680-7324 |
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no |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2671 |
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| Author |
Van Doren, B.; Horton, K.G.; Dokter, A.M.; Klinck, H.; Elbin, S.B., Farnsworth, A.; Dokter, A.M; Klinck, H.; Elbin, S.B.; Farnsworth, A. |
| Title |
High-intensity urban light installation dramatically alters nocturnal bird migration |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Publications of the National Academy of Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
PNAS |
| Volume |
114 |
Issue |
42 |
Pages |
11175-11180 |
| Keywords |
Animals; artificial light; nocturnal migration; remote sensing; radar; ornithology; flight calls |
| Abstract |
Billions of nocturnally migrating birds move through increasingly photopolluted skies, relying on cues for navigation and orientation that artificial light at night (ALAN) can impair. However, no studies have quantified avian responses to powerful ground-based light sources in urban areas. We studied effects of ALAN on migrating birds by monitoring the beams of the National September 11 Memorial & Museum's “Tribute in Light†in New York, quantifying behavioral responses with radar and acoustic sensors and modeling disorientation and attraction with simulations. This single light source induced significant behavioral alterations in birds, even in good visibility conditions, in this heavily photopolluted environment, and to altitudes up to 4 km. We estimate that the installation influenced ≈1.1 million birds during our study period of 7 d over 7 y. When the installation was illuminated, birds aggregated in high densities, decreased flight speeds, followed circular flight paths, and vocalized frequently. Simulations revealed a high probability of disorientation and subsequent attraction for nearby birds, and bird densities near the installation exceeded magnitudes 20 times greater than surrounding baseline densities during each year’s observations. However, behavioral disruptions disappeared when lights were extinguished, suggesting that selective removal of light during nights with substantial bird migration is a viable strategy for minimizing potentially fatal interactions among ALAN, structures, and birds. Our results also highlight the value of additional studies describing behavioral patterns of nocturnally migrating birds in powerful lights in urban areas as well as conservation implications for such lighting installations. |
| Address |
Information Science Program, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA; af27{at}cornell.edu |
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PNAS |
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English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Edition |
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1091-6490 |
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no |
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IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
1741 |
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Craggs, J.; Guest, J.R.; Davis, M.; Simmons, J.; Dashti, E.; Sweet, M. |
| Title |
Inducing broadcast coral spawning ex situ: Closed system mesocosm design and husbandry protocol |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Ecology and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecol Evol |
| Volume |
7 |
Issue |
24 |
Pages |
11066-11078 |
| Keywords |
Moonlight; Animals; *Acropora; *gametogenic cycle ex situ; *insolation; *lunar cycle; *photoperiod |
| Abstract |
For many corals, the timing of broadcast spawning correlates strongly with a number of environmental signals (seasonal temperature, lunar, and diel cycles). Robust experimental studies examining the role of these putative cues in triggering spawning have been lacking until recently because it has not been possible to predictably induce spawning in fully closed artificial mesocosms. Here, we present a closed system mesocosm aquarium design that utilizes microprocessor technology to accurately replicate environmental conditions, including photoperiod, seasonal insolation, lunar cycles, and seasonal temperature from Singapore and the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), Australia. Coupled with appropriate coral husbandry, these mesocosms were successful in inducing, for the first time, broadcast coral spawning in a fully closed artificial ex situ environment. Four Acropora species (A. hyacinthus, A. tenuis, A. millepora, and A. microclados) from two geographical locations, kept for over 1 year, completed full gametogenic cycles ex situ. The percentage of colonies developing oocytes varied from ~29% for A. hyacinthus to 100% for A. millepora and A. microclados. Within the Singapore mesocosm, A. hyacinthus exhibited the closest synchronization to wild spawning, with all four gravid colonies releasing gametes in the same lunar month as wild predicted dates. Spawning within the GBR mesocosm commenced at the predicted wild spawn date but extended over a period of 3 months. Gamete release in relation to the time postsunset for A. hyacinthus, A. millepora, and A. tenuis was consistent with time windows previously described in the wild. Spawn date in relation to full moon, however, was delayed in all species, possibly as a result of external light pollution. The system described here could broaden the number of institutions on a global scale, that can access material for broadcast coral spawning research, providing opportunities for institutions distant from coral reefs to produce large numbers of coral larvae and juveniles for research purposes and reef restoration efforts. |
| Address |
Aquatic Research Facility Environmental Sustainability Research Centre College of Life and Natural Sciences University of Derby Derby UK |
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English |
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2045-7758 |
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| Notes |
PMID:29299282; PMCID:PMC5743687 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2698 |
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| Author |
Amichai, E.; Kronfeld-Schor, N. |
| Title |
Artificial Light at Night Promotes Activity Throughout the Night in Nesting Common Swifts (Apus apus) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Scientific Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sci Rep |
| Volume |
9 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
11052 |
| Keywords |
Animals |
| Abstract |
The use of artificial light at night (ALAN) is a rapidly expanding anthropogenic effect that transforms nightscapes throughout the world, causing light pollution that affects ecosystems in a myriad of ways. One of these is changing or shifting activity rhythms, largely synchronized by light cues. We used acoustic loggers to record and quantify activity patterns during the night of a diurnal bird – the common swift – in a nesting colony exposed to extremely intensive artificial illumination throughout the night at Jerusalem's Western Wall. We compared that to activity patterns at three other colonies exposed to none, medium, or medium-high ALAN. We found that in the lower-intensity ALAN colonies swifts ceased activity around sunset, later the more intense the lighting. At the Western Wall, however, swifts remained active throughout the night. This may have important implications for the birds' physiology, breeding cycle, and fitness, and may have cascading effects on their ecosystems. |
| Address |
School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
2045-2322 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
PMID:31363144 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2594 |
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