| Records |
| Author |
Fonken, L.K.; Nelson, R.J. |
| Title |
The Effects of Light at Night on Circadian Clocks and Metabolism |
Type |
Book Chapter |
| Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Endocrine Reviews |
Abbreviated Journal |
Endocr Rev |
| Volume |
35 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
648-670 |
| Keywords |
Human Health; Circadian Rhythm; clock genes; epidemiology; light at night; review |
| Abstract |
Most organisms display endogenously produced approximately ~24 h fluctuations in physiology and behavior, termed circadian rhythms. Circadian rhythms are driven by a transcriptional-translational feedback loop that is hierarchically expressed throughout the brain and body, with the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus serving as the master circadian oscillator at the top of the hierarchy. Appropriate circadian regulation is important for many homeostatic functions including energy regulation. Multiple genes involved in nutrient metabolism display rhythmic oscillations and metabolically related hormones such as glucagon, insulin, ghrelin, leptin, and corticosterone are released in a circadian fashion. Mice harboring mutations in circadian clock genes alter feeding behavior, endocrine signaling, and dietary fat absorption. Moreover, misalignment between behavioral and molecular circadian clocks can result in obesity in both rodents and humans. Importantly, circadian rhythms are most potently synchronized to the external environment by light information and exposure to light at night potentially disrupts circadian system function. Since the advent of electric lights around the turn of the 20th century, exposure to artificial and irregular light schedules has become commonplace. The increase in exposure to light at night parallels the global increase in the prevalence of obesity and metabolic disorders. In this review, we propose that exposure to light at night alters metabolic function through disruption of the circadian system. We first provide an introduction to the circadian system, with a specific emphasis on the effects of light on circadian rhythms. Next we address interactions between the circadian system and metabolism. Finally, we review current experimental and epidemiological work directly associating exposure to light at night and metabolism. |
| Address |
Department of Neuroscience, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA |
| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
Endocrine Society |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0163-769X |
ISBN  |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:24673196 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
314 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Bará, S.; Nievas, M.; Sanchez de Miguel, A.; Zamorano, J. |
| Title |
Zernike analysis of all-sky night brightness maps |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Applied Optics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl Opt |
| Volume |
53 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
2677-2686 |
| Keywords |
modeling; light at night; light pollution; all-sky; Zernike polynomials; image decomposition; sky brightness |
| Abstract |
All-sky night brightness maps (calibrated images of the night sky with hemispherical field-of-view (FOV) taken at standard photometric bands) provide useful data to assess the light pollution levels at any ground site. We show that these maps can be efficiently described and analyzed using Zernike circle polynomials. The relevant image information can be compressed into a low-dimensional coefficients vector, giving an analytical expression for the sky brightness and alleviating the effects of noise. Moreover, the Zernike expansions allow us to quantify in a straightforward way the average and zenithal sky brightness and its variation across the FOV, providing a convenient framework to study the time course of these magnitudes. We apply this framework to analyze the results of a one-year campaign of night sky brightness measurements made at the UCM observatory in Madrid. |
| Address |
Ãrea de Óptica, Dept. de FÃsica Aplicada, Fac. de FÃsica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
Optical Society of America |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0003-6935 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:24787595 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
318 |
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| Author |
Sweater-Hickcox, K.; Narendran, N.; Bullough, J.; Freyssinier, J. |
| Title |
Effect of different coloured luminous surrounds on LED discomfort glare perception |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Lighting Research and Technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Lighting Research and Technology |
| Volume |
45 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
464-475 |
| Keywords |
perception; subjective; LED; LED lighting; spectral power distribution; SPD |
| Abstract |
Recently, there has been increased interest in energy-efficient lighting as energy resources become higher in demand. Anecdotal evidence suggests that certain populations believe light-emitting diodes (LED) produce more glare than traditional technologies. This may be due to a number of factors such as spectral power distribution (SPD), source luminance, or beam intensity distribution. A study was conducted to assess the effect of different SPDs on the perception of discomfort glare from an LED source. For the range of conditions evaluated, the presence of any luminous surround significantly reduced the perception of discomfort glare from the LED array. The blue luminous surround reduced discomfort glare perception significantly less than the white or the yellow luminous surrounds. The implications for solid-state lighting systems are discussed. |
| Address |
Lighting Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA |
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Thesis |
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Place of Publication |
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Summary Language |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1477-1535 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
338 |
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| Author |
Davies, T.W.; Duffy, J.P.; Bennie, J.; Gaston, K.J. |
| Title |
The nature, extent, and ecological implications of marine light pollution |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment |
Abbreviated Journal |
Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment |
| Volume |
12 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
347-355 |
| Keywords |
Ecology; light pollution; oceans; marine; ecology; ecosystem; Review |
| Abstract |
Despite centuries of use, artificial light at night has only recently been recognized as a cause for environmental concern. Its global extent and ongoing encroachment into naturally lit ecosystems has sparked scientific interest into the many ways in which it may negatively affect human health, societal attitudes, scientific endeavors, and biological processes. Yet, perhaps because sources of artificial light are largely land based, the potential for artificial light pollution to interfere with the biology of the ocean has not been explored in any detail. There is little information on how light pollution affects those species, behaviors, and interactions that are informed by the intensity, spectra, and periodicity of natural nighttime light in marine ecosystems. Here, we provide an overview of the extent of marine light pollution, discuss how it changes the physical environment, and explore its potential role in shaping marine ecosystems. |
| Address |
Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Cornwall, UK |
| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Place of Publication |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1540-9295 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
365 |
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| Author |
Gaston, K.J.; Duffy, J.P.; Gaston, S.; Bennie, J.; Davies, T.W. |
| Title |
Human alteration of natural light cycles: causes and ecological consequences |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Oecologia |
Abbreviated Journal |
Oecologia |
| Volume |
176 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
917-931 |
| Keywords |
Ecology; Day; Diurnal; Night; Nocturnal; Skyglow; Review |
| Abstract |
Artificial light at night is profoundly altering natural light cycles, particularly as perceived by many organisms, over extensive areas of the globe. This alteration comprises the introduction of light at night at places and times at which it has not previously occurred, and with different spectral signatures. Given the long geological periods for which light cycles have previously been consistent, this constitutes a novel environmental pressure, and one for which there is evidence for biological effects that span from molecular to community level. Here we provide a synthesis of understanding of the form and extent of this alteration, some of the key consequences for terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, interactions and synergies with other anthropogenic pressures on the environment, major uncertainties, and future prospects and management options. This constitutes a compelling example of the need for a thoroughly interdisciplinary approach to understanding and managing the impact of one particular anthropogenic pressure. The former requires insights that span molecular biology to ecosystem ecology, and the latter contributions of biologists, policy makers and engineers. |
| Address |
Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK, k.j.gaston@exeter.ac.uk |
| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0029-8549 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:25239105 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
371 |
| Permanent link to this record |
