| Records |
| Author |
Berge, J.; Geoffroy, M.; Daase, M.; Cottier, F.; Priou, P.; Cohen, J.H.; Johnsen, G.; McKee, D.; Kostakis, I.; Renaud, P.E.; Vogedes, D.; Anderson, P.; Last, K.S.; Gauthier, S. |
| Title |
Artificial light during the polar night disrupts Arctic fish and zooplankton behaviour down to 200 m depth |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Communications Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Commun Biol |
| Volume |
3 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
article 102 |
| Keywords |
Animals |
| Abstract |
For organisms that remain active in one of the last undisturbed and pristine dark environments on the planet—the Arctic Polar Night—the moon, stars and aurora borealis may provide important cues to guide distribution and behaviours, including predator-prey interactions. With a changing climate and increased human activities in the Arctic, such natural light sources will in many places be masked by the much stronger illumination from artificial light. Here we show that normal working-light from a ship may disrupt fish and zooplankton behaviour down to at least 200 m depth across an area of >0.125 km2 around the ship. Both the quantitative and qualitative nature of the disturbance differed between the examined regions. We conclude that biological surveys in the dark from illuminated ships may introduce biases on biological sampling, bioacoustic surveys, and possibly stock assessments of commercial and non-commercial species. |
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2399-3642 |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2837 |
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| Author |
Daugaard, S.; Markvart, J.; Bonde, J.P.; Christoffersen, J.; Garde, A.H.; Hansen, A.M.; Schlunssen, V.; Vestergaard, J.M.; Vistisen, H.T.; Kolstad, H.A. |
| Title |
Light Exposure during Days with Night, Outdoor, and Indoor Work |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Annals of Work Exposures and Health |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann Work Expo Health |
| Volume |
63 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
651–665 |
| Keywords |
Human Health; Shift work; melatonin suppression; mood disorders |
| Abstract |
OBJECTIVE: To assess light exposure during days with indoor, outdoor, and night work and days off work. METHODS: Light intensity was continuously recorded for 7 days across the year among indoor (n = 170), outdoor (n = 151), and night workers (n = 188) in Denmark (55-56 degrees N) equipped with a personal light recorder. White light intensity, duration above 80, 1000, and 2500 lux, and proportion of red, green, and blue light was depicted by time of the day and season for work days and days off work. RESULTS: Indoor workers' average light exposure only intermittently exceeded 1000 lux during daytime working hours in summer and never in winter. During daytime working hours, most outdoor workers exceeded 2500 lux in summer and 1000 lux in winter. Night workers spent on average 10-50 min >80 lux when working night shifts. During days off work, indoor and night workers were exposed to higher light intensities than during work days and few differences were seen between indoor, outdoor, and night workers. The spectral composition of light was similar for indoor, outdoor, and night workers during days at and off work. CONCLUSION: The night workers of this study were during night hours on average exposed for a limited time to light intensities expected to suppress melatonin. The indoor workers were exposed to light levels during daylight hours that may reduce general well-being and mood, especially in winter. Outdoor workers were during summer daylight hours exposed to light levels comparable to those used for the treatment of depression. |
| Address |
Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazinni Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark |
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English |
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2398-7308 |
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| Notes |
PMID:30865270 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2268 |
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| Author |
Cherrie, J.W. |
| Title |
Shedding Light on the Association between Night Work and Breast Cancer |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Annals of Work Exposures and Health |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann Work Expo Health |
| Volume |
63 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
608–611 |
| Keywords |
Commentary; Human Health; Cancer; Breast cancer; shift work |
| Abstract |
Shift work that involves circadian disruption has been classified as probably carcinogenic to humans by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, although more recent epidemiological evidence is not consistent. Several mechanisms have been postulated to explain an association between night work and female breast cancer, but the most likely is suppression of the hormone melatonin by light exposure at night. Three articles recently published in this journal describe aspects of exposure to light during night work. These articles and other evidence suggest that nighttime light levels may not always be sufficient to affect melatonin production, which could in part explain the inconsistencies in the epidemiological data. There is need to improve the specificity and reliability of exposure assessments in future epidemiological studies of night shift workers. |
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Institute of Occupational Medicine, Research Avenue North, Edinburgh, UK |
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English |
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2398-7308 |
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| Notes |
PMID:31175355 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2530 |
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| Author |
Giraudeau, M.; Sepp, T.; Ujvari, B.; Ewald, P.W.; Thomas, F. |
| Title |
Human activities might influence oncogenic processes in wild animal populations |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Nature Ecology & Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nat Ecol Evol |
| Volume |
2 |
Issue |
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Pages |
1065-1070 |
| Keywords |
Commentary; Animals |
| Abstract |
Based on the abundant studies available on humans showing clear associations between rapid environmental changes and the rate of neoplasia, we propose that human activities might increase cancer rate in wild populations through numerous processes. Most of the research on this topic has concentrated on wildlife cancer prevalence in environments that are heavily contaminated with anthropogenic chemicals. Here, we propose that human activities might also increase cancer rate in wild populations through additional processes including light pollution, accidental (for example, human waste) or intentional (for example, bird feeders) wildlife feeding (and the associated change of diet), or reduction of genetic diversity in human-impacted habitats. The human species can thus be defined as an oncogenic species, moderating the environment in the way that it causes cancer in other wild populations. As human impacts on wildlife are predicted to increase rather than decrease (for example, in the context of urbanization), acknowledging the possible links between human activity and cancer in wild populations is crucial. |
| Address |
MIVEGEC, Montpellier, France. frederic.thomas2@ird.fr |
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English |
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2397-334X |
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| Notes |
PMID:29784981 |
Approved |
no |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1921 |
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| Author |
Halfwerk, W.; Blaas, M.; Kramer, L.; Hijner, N.; Trillo, P.A.; Bernal, X.E.; Page, R.A.; Goutte, S.; Ryan, M.J.; Ellers, J. |
| Title |
Adaptive changes in sexual signalling in response to urbanization |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Nature Ecology & Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nat Ecol Evol |
| Volume |
3 |
Issue |
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Pages |
374-380 |
| Keywords |
Animals |
| Abstract |
Urbanization can cause species to adjust their sexual displays, because the effectiveness of mating signals is influenced by environmental conditions. Despite many examples that show that mating signals in urban conditions differ from those in rural conditions, we do not know whether these differences provide a combined reproductive and survival benefit to the urban phenotype. Here we show that male tungara frogs have increased the conspicuousness of their calls, which is under strong sexual and natural selection by signal receivers, as an adaptive response to city life. The urban phenotype consequently attracts more females than the forest phenotype, while avoiding the costs that are imposed by eavesdropping bats and midges, which we show are rare in urban areas. Finally, we show in a translocation experiment that urban frogs can reduce risk of predation and parasitism when moved to the forest, but that forest frogs do not increase their sexual attractiveness when moved to the city. Our findings thus reveal that urbanization can rapidly drive adaptive signal change via changes in both natural and sexual selection pressures. |
| Address |
Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands |
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English |
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2397-334X |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
PMID:30532046 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2136 |
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