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Author |
Estrada-García, R.; García-Gil, M.; Acosta, L.; Bará, S.; Sanchez de Miguel, A.; Zamorano, J. |
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Title |
Statistical modelling and satellite monitoring of upward light from public lighting |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Lighting Research and Technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Lighting Res. & Tech. |
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1477153515583181 |
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1-30 |
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Keywords |
Remote sensing; radiative transfer; modeling; skyglow; light pollution; urban |
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Abstract |
In this work, we propose an approach to estimating the amount of light wasted by being sent towards the upper hemisphere from urban areas. This is a source of light pollution. The approach is based on a predictive model that provides the fraction of light directed skywards in terms of a small set of identified explanatory variables that characterise the urban landscape and its light sources. The model, built via the statistical analysis of a wide sample of basic urban scenarios to compute accurately the amount of light wasted at each of them, establishes an optimal linear regression function that relates the fraction of wasted flux to relevant variables like the kind of luminaires, the street fill factor, the street width, the building and luminaire heights and the walls and pavement reflectances. We applied this model to evaluate the changes in emissions produced at two urban nuclei in the Deltebre municipality of Catalonia. The results agree reasonably well with those deduced from the radiance measurements made with the VIIRS instrument onboard the Suomi-NPP Earth orbiting satellite. |
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Escola Tècnica Superior d’Enginyeria Industrial de Barcelona (ETSEIB), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Spain; manuel.garcia.gil(at)upc.edu |
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Sage |
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English |
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English |
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IDA @ john @ |
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1155 |
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Author |
Bará, S.; Tilve, V.; Nievas, M.; Sanchez de Miguel, A.; Zamorano, J. |
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Title |
Zernike power spectra of clear and cloudy light-polluted urban night skies |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Applied Optics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Opt. |
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Volume |
54 |
Issue |
13 |
Pages |
4120-4129 |
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Keywords |
Skyglow; artificial ligh at night; light pollution; Zernike; power spectrum; atmospheric optics; imaging systems; image analysis |
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Abstract |
The Zernike power spectra of the all-sky night brightness distributions of clear and cloudy nights are computed using a modal projection approach. The results obtained in the B, V and R Johnson-Cousins' photometric bands during a one-year campaign of observations at a light-polluted urban site show that these spectra can be described by simple power laws with exponents close to -3 for clear nights and -2 for cloudy ones. The second-moment matrices of the Zernike coefficients show relevant correlations between modes. The multiplicative role of the cloud cover, that contributes to a significant increase of the brightness of the urban night sky in comparison with the values obtained in clear nights, is described in the Zernike space. |
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Area de Optica, Dept. Fisica Aplicada. Facultade de Fisica / Facultade de Optica e OptometrÃa Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Campus Sur, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain; salva.bara@usc.es |
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Optical Society of America |
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English |
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English |
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IDA @ john @ |
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1156 |
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Author |
Reddy, L.; Reddy, V.; Hemanth, S.; Prasad, P. |
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Title |
Modelling and Optimization of Solar Light Trap For “Reducing and Controlling” The Pest Population |
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Journal Article |
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2015 |
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International Journal of Engineering Technology, Management and Applied Sciences |
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Intl. J. of Engr. Tech., Man. & Appl. Sci. |
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3 |
Issue |
4 |
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224-234 |
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Keywords |
Animals; insects; India; Madanapalli; Chittor; Andhra Pradesh; moonlight; polarization |
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Abstract |
Reducing and controlling the pest population using light traps is an age old practice in our crop sector. Though there are several models and designs are available but we would plan to develop something that could be solar powered trap with collecting net and not dependent on any other source like wind power, mechanical power, fuel & electricity. This device operates automatically, turning on the light during light fails i.e., 6 P.M and turns off before sunrises i.e., 6A.M. Most of the damage causing insects are active only during that time. Installing one light trap in an acre attracts at least more than 1000 adult pests for a day. The insects attract solar light trap model had been tested in our field crops like vegetables, paddy, and sugarcane, fruit crops like mango, pomegranate, guava, coconut and tea, coffee and jasmine crops across India. In this study we examine the relationship between the Lunar Phases and the efficiency of light traps in catching pests in the month of March and April at Madanapalli, Chittor, Andhra Pradesh. The lunar phase depending on the polarized moonlight and the relative catch follow the collecting distance. The collecting distance ranged and averaged in the phase angle divisions. The study demonstrated for the first time the effect of increasing polarized moonlight in the first and last quarter on the flying activity of pests. Catching quantity depend on the connection with the collecting distance when is the greatest of collection distance. |
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Department of Mechanical Engineering, SVTM (J.N.T.U.A) Angallu, Madanapalli ,Chittor (Dist), A.P., India |
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IJETMAS |
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English |
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English |
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IDA @ john @ |
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1161 |
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Wakefield, A.; Stone, E.L.; Jones, G.; Harris, S. |
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Title |
Light-emitting diode street lights reduce last-ditch evasive manoeuvres by moths to bat echolocation calls |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Royal Society Open Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Roy. Soc. Open Sci. |
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2 |
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8 |
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Animals; artificial lighting; light-emitting diode; street lights; bats; moth predation; Nyctalus |
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Abstract |
The light-emitting diode (LED) street light market is expanding globally, and it is important to understand how LED lights affect wildlife populations. We compared evasive flight responses of moths to bat echolocation calls experimentally under LED-lit and -unlit conditions. Significantly, fewer moths performed ‘powerdive’ flight manoeuvres in response to bat calls (feeding buzz sequences from Nyctalus spp.) under an LED street light than in the dark. LED street lights reduce the anti-predator behaviour of moths, shifting the balance in favour of their predators, aerial hawking bats. |
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School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK |
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Royal Society |
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English |
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English |
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IDA @ john @ |
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1237 |
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Author |
Ouyang, J.Q; Maaike de Jong, M.H.; Visser, M.E.; van Grunsven, R.H.A.; Ouyang, J.Q |
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Title |
Stressful colours: corticosterone concentrations in a free-living songbird vary with the spectral composition of experimental illumination |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Biology Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biol. Lett. |
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11 |
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20150517 |
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Keywords |
Animals; birds; corticosterone; stress; Parus major; great tit; artificial light; light spectra |
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Abstract |
Organisms have evolved under natural daily light/dark cycles for millions of years. These cycles have been disturbed as night-time darkness is increasingly replaced by artificial illumination. Investigating the physiological consequences of free-living organisms in artificially lit environments is crucial to determine whether nocturnal lighting disrupts circadian rhythms, changes behaviour, reduces fitness and ultimately affects population numbers. We make use of a unique, large-scale network of replicated field sites which were experimentally illuminated at night using lampposts emanating either red, green, white or no light to test effect on stress hormone concentrations (corticosterone) in a songbird, the great tit (Parus major). Adults nesting in white-light transects had higher corticosterone concentrations than in the other treatments. We also found a significant interaction between distance to the closest lamppost and treatment type: individuals in red light had higher corticosterone levels when they nested closer to the lamppost than individuals nesting farther away, a decline not observed in the green or dark treatment. Individuals with high corticosterone levels had fewer fledglings, irrespective of treatment. These results show that artificial light can induce changes in individual hormonal phenotype. As these effects vary considerably with light spectrum, it opens the possibility to mitigate these effects by selecting street lighting of specific spectra. |
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Department of Animal Ecology, The Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands; j.ouyang(at)nioo.knaw.nl |
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Royal Society |
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English |
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English |
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IDA @ john @ |
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1248 |
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