| Records |
| Author |
Galadí-Enríquez, D. |
| Title |
Beyond CCT: The spectral index system as a tool for the objective, quantitative characterization of lamps |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer |
Abbreviated Journal |
JQSRT |
| Volume |
206 |
Issue  |
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Pages |
399-408 |
| Keywords |
Lighting |
| Abstract |
Correlated color temperature (CCT) is a semi-quantitative system that roughly describes the spectra of lamps. This parameter gives the temperature (measured in kelvins) of the black body that would show the hue more similar to that of the light emitted by the lamp. Modern lamps for indoor and outdoor lighting display many spectral energy distributions, most of them extremely different to those of black bodies, what makes CCT to be far from a perfect descriptor from the physical point of view. The spectral index system presented in this work provides an accurate, objective, quantitative procedure to characterize the spectral properties of lamps, with just a few numbers. The system is an adaptation to lighting technology of the classical procedures of multi-band astronomical photometry with wide and intermediate-band filters. We describe the basic concepts and we apply the system to a representative set of lamps of many kinds. The results lead to interesting, sometimes surprising conclusions. The spectral index system is extremely easy to implement from the spectral data that are routinely measured at laboratories. Thus, including this kind of computations in the standard protocols for the certification of lamps will be really straightforward, and will enrich the technical description of lighting devices. |
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| Publisher |
Elsevier |
Place of Publication |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0022-4073 |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1835 |
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| Author |
Román, M.O.; Wang, Z.; Sun, Q.; Kalb, V.; Miller, S.D.; Molthan, A.; Schultz, L.; Bell, J.; Stokes, E.C.; Pandey, B.; Seto, K.C.; Hall, D.; Oda, T.; Wolfe, R.E.; Lin, G.; Golpayegani, N.; Devadiga, S.; Davidson, C.; Sarkar, S.; Praderas, C.; Schmaltz, J.; Boller, R.; Stevens, J.; Ramos González, O.M.; Padilla, E.; Alonso, J.; Detrés, Y.; Armstrong, R.; Miranda, I.; Conte, Y.; Marrero, N.; MacManus, K.; Esch, T.; Masuoka, E.J. |
| Title |
NASA's Black Marble nighttime lights product suite |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Remote Sensing of Environment |
Abbreviated Journal |
Remote Sensing of Environment |
| Volume |
210 |
Issue |
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Pages |
113-143 |
| Keywords |
Remote Sensing |
| Abstract |
NASA's Black Marble nighttime lights product suite (VNP46) is available at 500 m resolution since January 2012 with data from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Day/Night Band (DNB) onboard the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Platform (SNPP). The retrieval algorithm, developed and implemented for routine global processing at NASA's Land Science Investigator-led Processing System (SIPS), utilizes all high-quality, cloud-free, atmospheric-, terrain-, vegetation-, snow-, lunar-, and stray light-corrected radiances to estimate daily nighttime lights (NTL) and other intrinsic surface optical properties. Key algorithm enhancements include: (1) lunar irradiance modeling to resolve non-linear changes in phase and libration; (2) vector radiative transfer and lunar bidirectional surface anisotropic reflectance modeling to correct for atmospheric and BRDF effects; (3) geometric-optical and canopy radiative transfer modeling to account for seasonal variations in NTL; and (4) temporal gap-filling to reduce persistent data gaps. Extensive benchmark tests at representative spatial and temporal scales were conducted on the VNP46 time series record to characterize the uncertainties stemming from upstream data sources. Initial validation results are presented together with example case studies illustrating the scientific utility of the products. This includes an evaluation of temporal patterns of NTL dynamics associated with urbanization, socioeconomic variability, cultural characteristics, and displaced populations affected by conflict. Current and planned activities under the Group on Earth Observations (GEO) Human Planet Initiative are aimed at evaluating the products at different geographic locations and time periods representing the full range of retrieval conditions. |
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| ISSN |
0034-4257 |
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no |
| Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1846 |
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| Author |
Hoffmann, J.; Palme, R.; Eccard, J.A. |
| Title |
Long-term dim light during nighttime changes activity patterns and space use in experimental small mammal populations |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Environmental Pollution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Environ Pollut |
| Volume |
238 |
Issue |
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Pages |
844-851 |
| Keywords |
Animals |
| Abstract |
Artificial light at night (ALAN) is spreading worldwide and thereby is increasingly interfering with natural dark-light cycles. Meanwhile, effects of very low intensities of light pollution on animals have rarely been investigated. We explored the effects of low intensity ALAN over seven months in eight experimental bank vole (Myodes glareolus) populations in large grassland enclosures over winter and early breeding season, using LED garden lamps. Initial populations consisted of eight individuals (32 animals per hectare) in enclosures with or without ALAN. We found that bank voles under ALAN experienced changes in daily activity patterns and space use behavior, measured by automated radiotelemetry. There were no differences in survival and body mass, measured with live trapping, and none in levels of fecal glucocorticoid metabolites. Voles in the ALAN treatment showed higher activity at night during half moon, and had larger day ranges during new moon. Thus, even low levels of light pollution as experienced in remote areas or by sky glow can lead to changes in animal behavior and could have consequences for species interactions. |
| Address |
Animal Ecology, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 1, 14469, Potsdam, Germany |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0269-7491 |
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| Notes |
PMID:29627754 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1848 |
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| Author |
Preciado, O.; Manzano, E. |
| Title |
Spectral characteristics of road surfaces and eye transmittance: Effects on energy efficiency of road lighting at mesopic levels |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Lighting Research & Technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Lighting Research & Technology |
| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
147715351771822 |
| Keywords |
Vision; Lighting |
| Abstract |
In 2010, the CIE published a recommended system for mesopic photometry based on visual performance. According to this system, scenes illuminated at mesopic levels with light sources of high S/P ratio, will produce better visual performance than those illuminated with light sources of a lower S/P ratio at equal photopic luminance. However, there could be other factors affected by SPD that, when quantified, could lead to a contradictory final effect. The scope of this paper was to evaluate how road lighting is affected by the spectral road surface reflectance and by the human eye transmittance as people get older. Our results suggest that the benefits of considering the mesopic vision effect for light sources with high S/P ratios are totally counteracted by the other two effects at mesopic luminances between 0.75 cd/m2 and 1.73 cd/m2 for people between 20 and 60 years of age, depending on the light source and the age of observers. |
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1477-1535 |
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no |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1862 |
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| Author |
Do, Q.-T.; Shapiro, J.N.; Elvidge, C.D.; Abdel-Jelil, M.; Ahn, D.P.; Baugh, K.; Hansen-Lewis, J.; Zhizhin, M.; Bazilian, M.D. |
| Title |
Terrorism, geopolitics, and oil security: Using remote sensing to estimate oil production of the Islamic State |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Energy Research & Social Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Energy Research & Social Science |
| Volume |
44 |
Issue |
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Pages |
411-418 |
| Keywords |
Remote Sensing; Economics |
| Abstract |
As the world’s most traded commodity, oil production is typically well monitored and analyzed. It also has established links to geopolitics, international relations, and security. Despite this attention, the illicit production, refining, and trade of oil and derivative products occur all over the world and provide significant revenues outside of the oversight and regulation of governments. A prominent manifestation of this phenomenon is how terrorist and insurgent organizations—including the Islamic State group, also known as ISIL/ISIS or Daesh—use oil as a revenue source. Understanding the spatial and temporal variation in production can help determine the scale of operations, technical capacity, and revenue streams. This information, in turn, can inform both security and reconstruction strategies. To this end, we use satellite multi-spectral imaging and ground-truth pre-war output data to effectively construct a real-time census of oil production in areas controlled by the ISIL terrorist group. More broadly, remotely measuring the activity of extractive industries in conflict-affected areas without reliable administrative data can support a broad range of public policy and decisions and military operations. |
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2214-6296 |
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no |
| Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1864 |
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