| Records |
| Author |
Rahman, S.A.; St Hilaire, M.A.; Lockley, S.W. |
| Title |
The effects of spectral tuning of evening ambient light on melatonin suppression, alertness and sleep |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Physiology & Behavior |
Abbreviated Journal |
Physiol Behav |
| Volume |
177 |
Issue  |
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Pages |
221-229 |
| Keywords |
Human Health |
| Abstract |
We compared the effects of bedroom-intensity light from a standard fluorescent and a blue- (i.e., short-wavelength) depleted LED source on melatonin suppression, alertness, and sleep. Sixteen healthy participants (8 females) completed a 4-day inpatient study. Participants were exposed to blue-depleted circadian-sensitive (C-LED) light and a standard fluorescent light (FL, 4100K) of equal illuminance (50lx) for 8h prior to a fixed bedtime on two separate days in a within-subject, randomized, cross-over design. Each light exposure day was preceded by a dim light (<3lx) control at the same time 24h earlier. Compared to the FL condition, control-adjusted melatonin suppression was significantly reduced. Although subjective sleepiness was not different between the two light conditions, auditory reaction times were significantly slower under C-LED conditions compared to FL 30min prior to bedtime. EEG-based correlates of alertness corroborated the reduced alertness under C-LED conditions as shown by significantly increased EEG spectral power in the delta-theta (0.5-8.0Hz) bands under C-LED as compared to FL exposure. There was no significant difference in total sleep time (TST), sleep efficiency (SE%), and slow-wave activity (SWA) between the two conditions. Unlike melatonin suppression and alertness, a significant order effect was observed on all three sleep variables, however. Individuals who received C-LED first and then FL had increased TST, SE% and SWA averaged across both nights compared to individuals who received FL first and then C-LED. These data show that the spectral characteristics of light can be fine-tuned to attenuate non-visual responses to light in humans. |
| Address |
Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States |
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English |
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0031-9384 |
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| Notes |
PMID:28472667 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
LoNNe @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1659 |
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| Author |
Russart, K.L.G.; Nelson, R.J. |
| Title |
Light at night as an environmental endocrine disruptor |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Physiology & Behavior |
Abbreviated Journal |
Physiol Behav |
| Volume |
190 |
Issue |
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Pages |
82-89 |
| Keywords |
Human Health; Animals |
| Abstract |
Environmental endocrine disruptors (EEDs) are often consequences of human activity; however, the effects of EEDs are not limited to humans. A primary focus over the past approximately 30years has been on chemical EEDs, but the repercussions of non-chemical EEDs, such as artificial light at night (LAN), are of increasing interest. The sensitivity of the circadian system to light and the influence of circadian organization on overall physiology and behavior make the system a target for disruption with widespread effects. Indeed, there is increasing evidence for a role of LAN in human health, including disruption of circadian regulation and melatonin signaling, metabolic dysregulation, cancer risk, and disruption of other hormonally-driven systems. These effects are not limited to humans; domesticated animals as well as wildlife are also exposed to LAN, and at risk for disrupted circadian rhythms. Here, we review data that support the role of LAN as an endocrine disruptor in humans to be considered in treatments and lifestyle suggestions. We also present the effects of LAN in other animals, and discuss the potential for ecosystem-wide effects of artificial LAN. This can inform decisions in agricultural practices and urban lighting decisions to avoid unintended outcomes. |
| Address |
Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA |
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English |
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0031-9384 |
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| Notes |
PMID:28870443 |
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no |
| Call Number |
LoNNe @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1719 |
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| Author |
Souman, J.L.; Tinga, A.M.; Te Pas, S.F.; van Ee, R.; Vlaskamp, B.N.S. |
| Title |
Acute alerting effects of light: a systematic literature review |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Behavioural Brain Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav Brain Res |
| Volume |
337 |
Issue |
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Pages |
228-239 |
| Keywords |
Human Health |
| Abstract |
Periodic, well timed exposure to light is important for our health and wellbeing. Light, in particular in the blue part of the spectrum, is thought to affect alertness both indirectly, by modifying circadian rhythms, and directly, giving rise to acute effects. We performed a systematic review of empirical studies on direct, acute effects of light on alertness to evaluate the reliability of these effects and to assess to what extent they depend on other factors, such as time of day, exposure duration and sleep pressure. In total, we identified 74 studies in which either light intensity, spectral distribution, or both were manipulated, and the effects on behavioral measures of alertness were evaluated, either subjectively or measured in performance tasks. The results show that increasing the intensity or the color temperature of polychromatic white light in general has been found to increase subjective ratings of alertness, though a substantial proportion of these studies failed to find significant effects. There is little evidence in the literature that these subjective alerting effects of light also translate into improvements on performance measures of alertness. For monochromatic or narrowband light exposure, some studies have shown improvement in reaction time tasks with exposure to blue light, but generally this was not accompanied by changes in subjective alertness. Thus, the alerting effects of light are far less clear than often suggested. We suggest that in future studies more attention should be paid to other factors that may influence the effects of light, such as chronotype, circadian phase, homeostatic state and prior light history. |
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Philips Research (Department Brain, Behavior & Cognition), Eindhoven, The Netherlands |
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English |
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| ISSN |
0166-4328 |
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| Notes |
PMID:28912014 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
LoNNe @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1727 |
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| Author |
Willis, G.L.; Freelance, C.B. |
| Title |
The effect of directed photic stimulation of the pineal on experimental Parkinson's disease |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Physiology & Behavior |
Abbreviated Journal |
Physiol Behav |
| Volume |
182 |
Issue |
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Pages |
1-9 |
| Keywords |
Animals |
| Abstract |
The role of the circadian system in Parkinson's disease (PD) is a topic of increasing scientific interest. This has emerged from recent studies demonstrating an altered response of PD patients to treatment in relation to the phase of the light/dark cycle and from other work defining the functional significance of melanocytes in PD: a cell type that the nigro-striatal dopamine (NSD) system and circadian system both contain. The present study was undertaken to determine the sensitivity of the pineal, as the final common pathway of the circadian system, to light delivered directly to the pineal via surgical implantation of LEDs. Direct photic stimulation of the pineal altered the course of experimental PD while anatomical controls receiving stimulation of the frontal cortex exhibited a negative impact on the course of recovery of these animals. These effects were closely linked to the phase of the light/dark cycle. The present results suggest that while pineal photoreceptors are regarded as vestigial, functional photo-reactivity of the pineal remains. It is inferred that melanocytes are the active cells responsible for the observed effect since they remain functionally intact in mammalian pineal even though pineal photoreceptors are functionally inert. Although the stimuli applied in the present study may be regarded as artificial this study demonstrates that brain parenchyma remains differentially reactive to direct light exposure and presents a novel mechanism in circadian structures that needs to be explored. |
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The Bronowski Institute of Behavioural Neuroscience, Coliban Medical Centre, 19 Jennings Street, Kyneton, Victoria 3444, Australia |
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English |
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0031-9384 |
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| Notes |
PMID:28919247 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
LoNNe @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1732 |
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| Author |
Henneken, J.; Jones, T.M. |
| Title |
Pheromones-based sexual selection in a rapidly changing world |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Current Opinion in Insect Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Current Opinion in Insect Science |
| Volume |
24 |
Issue |
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Pages |
84-88 |
| Keywords |
Animals |
| Abstract |
Insects utilise chemical cues for a range of different purposes and the complexity and degree of specificity of these signals is arguably unparalleled in the animal kingdom. Chemical signals are particularly important for insect reproduction and the selective pressures driving their evolution and maintenance have been the subject of previous reviews. However, the world in which chemical cues evolved and are maintained is changing at an unprecedented rate. How (or indeed whether) chemical signals used in sexual selection will respond is largely unknown. Here, we explore how recent increases in urbanisation and associated anthropogenic impacts may affect how chemical signals are produced and perceived. We focus on four anthropomorphic influences which have the potential to interact with pheromone-mediated sexual selection processes; climatic temperature shifts, exposure to chemical pollutants, the presence of artificial light at night and nutrient availability. Our aim is to provide a broad overview of key areas where the rapidly changing environment of the future might specifically affect pheromones utilised in sexual selection. |
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2214-5745 |
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LoNNe @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1736 |
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