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Author |
Riveros, J.L.; Correa, L.M.; Schuler, G. |
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Title |
Daylight effect on melatonin secretion in adult female guanacos (Lama guanicoe) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Reproduction in Domestic Animals = Zuchthygiene |
Abbreviated Journal |
Reprod Domest Anim |
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Volume |
52 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
1129-1132 |
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Animals |
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Abstract |
The wild South American camelids developed a strategy of seasonal reproduction during spring and summer with singleton birth. The photoperiod is one of the factors that may modulate this seasonality where light would be translated into a hormonal signal. This study evaluated the influence of changes in daily light intensity on melatonin concentration in captive guanacos under a long-day photoperiod (16 hr light/8 hr dark; 33 '28'S). Mean melatonin concentration was 28.3 +/- 20.3 pg/ml, with a maximum of 52.14 +/- 17.19 pg/ml at 23:30 and minimum of 14.29 +/- 6.64 pg/ml at 08:30 (p < .001). There was a negative association between light intensity and melatonin concentration (r = -0.57; p < .001). The results indicate that guanacos respond to variation in daily environmental light with a hormonal response and point to a circannual rhythm as a function of the photoperiod. |
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Departamento de Ciencias Animales, Facultad de Agronomia e Ingenieria Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile |
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English |
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0936-6768 |
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PMID:28731219 |
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Call Number |
LoNNe @ kyba @ |
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1688 |
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Author |
Rydell, J.; Eklöf, J.; Sánchez-Navarro, S. |
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Title |
Age of enlightenment: long-term effects of outdoor aesthetic lights on bats in churches |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Royal Society Open Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
R. Soc. open sci. |
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Volume |
4 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
161077 |
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Keywords |
Animals |
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Abstract |
We surveyed 110 country churches in south-western Sweden for presence of brown long-eared bats Plecotus auritus in summer 2016 by visual inspection and/or evening emergence counts. Each church was also classified according to the presence and amount of aesthetic directional lights (flood-lights) aimed on its walls and tower from the outside. Sixty-one of the churches had previously been surveyed by one of us (J.R.) between 1980 and 1990, before lights were installed on Swedish churches, using the same methods. Churches with bat colonies had decreased significantly in frequency from 61% in 1980s to 38% by 2016. All abandoned churches had been fitted with flood-lights in the period between the two surveys. The loss of bat colonies from lit churches was highly significant and most obvious when lights were applied from all directions, leaving no dark corridor for the bats to leave and return to the roost. In contrast, in churches that were not lit, all of 13 bat colonies remained after 25+ years between the surveys. Lighting of churches and other historical buildings is a serious threat to the long-term survival and reproduction of light-averse bats such as Plecotus spp. and other slow-flying species. Bat roosts are strictly protected according to the EU Habitats Directive and the EUROBATS agreement. Lighting of buildings for aesthetic purposes is becoming a serious environmental issue, because important bat roosts are destroyed in large numbers, and the problem should be handled accordingly. As a start, installation of flood-lights on historical buildings should at least require an environmental impact assessment (EIA). |
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2054-5703 |
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LoNNe @ kyba @; GFZ @ kyba @ |
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1698 |
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Ouyang, J.Q.; de Jong, M.; van Grunsven, R.H.; Matson, K.D.; Haussmann, M.F.; Meerlo, P.; Visser, M.; Spoelstra, K. |
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Title |
What type of rigorous experiments are needed to investigate the impact of artificial light at night on individuals and populations? |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Global Change Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Glob Chang Biol |
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Volume |
23 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
e9-e10 |
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Animals |
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In our recent paper on how artificial light at night (ALAN) affects within-individual changes in physiology, we used a unique experimental setup of colored LED lights to show effects on nighttime activity levels and physiology in free-living great tits, Parus major (Ouyang et al., 2017). Raap et al's response, entitled: “Rigorous field experiments are essential to understand the genuine severity of light pollution and to identify possible solutions” lists issues with our analyses (Raap et al., 2017). Rather than go into a detailed response, we use this forum to address the major critiques by answering the bigger question of what types of rigorous field experiments are needed to evaluate ALAN's impact. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. |
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P.O. box 50, 6700 AB, Wageningen, Gelderland Netherlands |
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English |
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1354-1013 |
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PMID:28886232 |
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LoNNe @ kyba @ |
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1721 |
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Author |
Yoshinaka, K.; Yamaguchi, A.; Matsumura, R.; Node, K.; Tokuda, I.; Akashi, M. |
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Title |
Effect of different light-dark schedules on estrous cycle in mice, and implications for mitigating the adverse impact of night work |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Genes to Cells : Devoted to Molecular & Cellular Mechanisms |
Abbreviated Journal |
Genes Cells |
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22 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
876-884 |
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Animals |
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Approximately 20% of workers in developed countries are involved in night work. Nevertheless, many studies have strongly suggested that night-work-induced chronic circadian misalignment increases the risk of a diverse range of health problems. Although a relation between night work and irregular menstrual cycles has been indicated epidemiologically, a direct causal link remains elusive. Here, we report that repetitive reversal of light-dark (LD) cycles triggers irregular estrous cycles in mice. The findings showed that the estrous cycle remained irregular for more than four weeks after the mice were returned to regular LD cycles. Importantly, the magnitude of the negative impact of reversed LD cycles on the estrous cycle, or more specifically the decreased number of normal estrous cycles during the observation period, was dependent on the difference in the frequency of LD reversal. Presently, no clear solution to prevent night-work-mediated menstrual abnormalities is available, and reducing night work in modern society is difficult. Our findings indicate that optimizing work schedules could significantly prevent menstrual problems without reducing total night-work time. |
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The Research Institute for Time Studies, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8511, Japan |
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English |
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ISSN |
1356-9597 |
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Notes |
PMID:28884885 |
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Call Number |
LoNNe @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1722 |
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Author |
Willis, G.L.; Freelance, C.B. |
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Title |
The effect of directed photic stimulation of the pineal on experimental Parkinson's disease |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Physiology & Behavior |
Abbreviated Journal |
Physiol Behav |
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Volume |
182 |
Issue |
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Pages |
1-9 |
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Keywords |
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The role of the circadian system in Parkinson's disease (PD) is a topic of increasing scientific interest. This has emerged from recent studies demonstrating an altered response of PD patients to treatment in relation to the phase of the light/dark cycle and from other work defining the functional significance of melanocytes in PD: a cell type that the nigro-striatal dopamine (NSD) system and circadian system both contain. The present study was undertaken to determine the sensitivity of the pineal, as the final common pathway of the circadian system, to light delivered directly to the pineal via surgical implantation of LEDs. Direct photic stimulation of the pineal altered the course of experimental PD while anatomical controls receiving stimulation of the frontal cortex exhibited a negative impact on the course of recovery of these animals. These effects were closely linked to the phase of the light/dark cycle. The present results suggest that while pineal photoreceptors are regarded as vestigial, functional photo-reactivity of the pineal remains. It is inferred that melanocytes are the active cells responsible for the observed effect since they remain functionally intact in mammalian pineal even though pineal photoreceptors are functionally inert. Although the stimuli applied in the present study may be regarded as artificial this study demonstrates that brain parenchyma remains differentially reactive to direct light exposure and presents a novel mechanism in circadian structures that needs to be explored. |
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The Bronowski Institute of Behavioural Neuroscience, Coliban Medical Centre, 19 Jennings Street, Kyneton, Victoria 3444, Australia |
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English |
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0031-9384 |
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PMID:28919247 |
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LoNNe @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1732 |
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