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Author |
de Jong, M.; Lamers, K.P.; Eugster, M.; Ouyang, J.Q.; Da Silva, A.; Mateman, A.C.; van Grunsven, R.H.A.; Visser, M.E.; Spoelstra, K. |
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Title |
Effects of experimental light at night on extra-pair paternity in a songbird |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part A, Ecological and Integrative Physiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Zool A Ecol Integr Physiol |
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Volume |
329 |
Issue |
8-9 |
Pages |
441-448 |
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Keywords  |
animals |
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Abstract |
Light pollution is increasing worldwide and significantly affects animal behavior. In birds, these effects include advancement of morning activity and onset of dawn song, which may affect extra-pair paternity. Advanced dawn song of males may stimulate females to engage in extra-pair copulations, and the earlier activity onset may affect the males' mate guarding behavior. Earlier work showed an effect of light at night on extra-pair behavior, but this was in an area with other anthropogenic disturbances. Here, we present a two-year experimental study on effects of light at night on extra-pair paternity of great tits (Parus major). Previously dark natural areas were illuminated with white, red, and green LED lamps and compared to a dark control. In 2014, the proportion of extra-pair young in broods increased with distance to the red and white lamps (i.e., at lower light intensities), but decreased with distance to the poles in the dark control. In 2013, we found no effects on the proportion of extra-pair young. The total number of offspring sired by a male was unaffected by artificial light at night in both years, suggesting that potential changes in female fidelity in pairs breeding close to white and red light did not translate into fitness benefits for the males of these pairs. Artificial light at night might disrupt the natural patterns of extra-pair paternity, possibly negates potential benefits of extra-pair copulations and thus could alter sexual selection processes in wild birds. |
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Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands |
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2471-5638 |
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PMID:29952126 |
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Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1953 |
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Author |
Emmer, K.M.; Russart, K.L.G.; Walker, W.H.; Nelson, R.J.; DeVries, A.C. |
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Title |
Effects of light at night on laboratory animals and research outcomes |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Behavioral Neuroscience |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav Neurosci |
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Volume |
132 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
302-314 |
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Keywords |
Animals |
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Abstract |
Light has substantial influences on the physiology and behavior of most laboratory animals. As such, lighting conditions within animal rooms are potentially significant and often underappreciated variables within experiments. Disruption of the light/dark cycle, primarily by exposing animals to light at night (LAN), disturbs biological rhythms and has widespread physiological consequences because of mechanisms such as melatonin suppression, sympathetic stimulation, and altered circadian clock gene expression. Thus, attention to the lighting environment of laboratory animals and maintaining consistency of a light/dark cycle is imperative for study reproducibility. Light intensity, as well as wavelength, photoperiod, and timing, are all important variables. Although modern rodent facilities are designed to facilitate appropriate light cycling, there are simple ways to modify rooms to prevent extraneous light exposure during the dark period. Attention to lighting conditions of laboratory animals by both researchers and research care staff ensures best practices for maintaining animal welfare, as well as reproducibility of research results. (PsycINFO Database Record |
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Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University |
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0735-7044 |
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PMID:29952608 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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1957 |
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Maroni, M.J.; Capri, K.M.; Cushman, A.V.; Monteiro De Pina, I.K.; Chasse, M.H.; Seggio, J.A. |
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Title |
Constant light alters serum hormone levels related to thyroid function in male CD-1 mice |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Chronobiology International |
Abbreviated Journal |
Chronobiol Int |
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35 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
1456-1463 |
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Keywords |
Animals |
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Abstract |
Disruptions to the circadian rhythm can lead to altered metabolism. Modification of thyroid function may be a reason why circadian misalignment may contribute to future metabolic disorders. We investigated whether circadian disruption through constant light (LL) can lead to variations in hormone levels associated with thyroid function. Mice were exposed to LL or a 12:12 Light:Dark (LD) cycle for 6 weeks; then glucose tolerance and thyroid hormone levels were measured at ZT 6 and ZT 18. There was day/night variation in glucose tolerance, but LL had no effect. LL reduced TSH, increased fT4, and abolished day/night variation in fT3 and leptin. These findings illustrate that LL alters thyroid-related hormones, providing evidence of a link between circadian disruption and thyroid function. |
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a Department of Biological Sciences , Bridgewater State University , Bridgewater , MA , USA |
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ISSN |
0742-0528 |
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PMID:29953263 |
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Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1958 |
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Author |
Kumar, J.; Malik, S.; Bhardwaj, S.K.; Rani, S. |
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Title |
Bright light at night alters the perception of daylength in Indian weaver bird (Ploceus philippinus) |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part A, Ecological and Integrative Physiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Zool A Ecol Integr Physiol |
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Volume |
329 |
Issue |
8-9 |
Pages |
488-496 |
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Keywords |
Animals |
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Abstract |
The brighter nights have posed new challenges to the wild species by affecting their temporal physiology. The present study on Indian weaver bird (Ploceus philippinus) investigated if exposure to bright light at different phases of night affects their clock-mediated daily functions. Birds were placed individually in specially designed activity cages under short days and long nights (8L:16D; L = 100 lux, D < 0.1 lux) for approximately 3 weeks (19 days). Thereafter, they were divided into four groups (n = 6-9), and given approximately 2 lux light either for the entire night (ZT 08-24; zeitgeber time 0 = time of light on; pattern A) or for 4 hr (pattern B), placed in 16 hr night such that its onset coincides with the onset of night (early night group, ZT 08-12), its end with the end of night (late night group, ZT 20-24), or the night was interrupted in the middle (midnight group, ZT 14-18). The results showed that bright light in entire night induced early onset of day activity and fragmented rest at night, however, if given at different phases of night, it made the days longer by delaying end (early night group) or advancing onset of daily activity (late night group). It also suppressed the melatonin levels and increased body temperature. These results suggest that bright light at night alters the perception of daylength and affects the underlying physiology. The findings may be useful in adopting a strategy for use of night light without disturbing species fitness in their environment. |
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Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India |
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2471-5638 |
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Notes |
PMID:30043408 |
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Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1971 |
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Author |
Firebaugh, A.; Haynes, K.J. |
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Title |
Light pollution may create demographic traps for nocturnal insects |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Basic and Applied Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Basic and Applied Ecology |
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Volume |
34 |
Issue |
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Pages |
118-125 |
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Keywords |
Animals |
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Abstract |
Light pollution impacts both intra- and inter-specific interactions, such as interactions between mates and predator–prey interactions. In mobile organisms attracted to artificial lights, the effect of light pollution on these interactions may be intensified. If organisms are repelled by artificial lights, effects of light pollution on intra- and inter-specific interactions may be diminished as organisms move away. However, organisms repelled by artificial lights would likely lose suitable habitat as light pollution expands. Thus, we investigated how light pollution affects both net attraction or repulsion of organisms and effects on intra- and inter-specific interactions. In manipulative field studies using fireflies, we found that Photuris versicolor and Photinus pyralis fireflies were lured to artificial (LED) light at night and that both species were less likely to engage in courtship dialogues (bioluminescent flashing) in light-polluted field plots. Light pollution also lowered the mating success of P. pyralis. P. versicolor is known to prey upon P. pyralis by mimicking the flash patterns of P. pyralis, but we did not find an effect of light pollution on Photuris–Photinus predator–prey interactions. Our study suggests, that for some nocturnal insects, light-polluted areas may act as demographic traps, i.e., areas where immigration exceeds emigration and inhibition of courtship dialogues and mating reduces reproduction. Examining multiple factors affecting population growth in concert is needed to understand and mitigate impacts of light pollution on wildlife. |
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ISSN |
1439-1791 |
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Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1978 |
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