| Records |
| Author |
Dias, K.S.; Dosso, E.S.; Hall, A.S.; Schuch, A.P.; Tozetti, A.M. |
| Title |
Ecological light pollution affects anuran calling season, daily calling period, and sensitivity to light in natural Brazilian wetlands |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
The Science of Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sci Nat |
| Volume |
106 |
Issue |
7-8 |
Pages |
46 |
Keywords  |
Animals |
| Abstract |
Ecological light pollution alters an environment's light cycle, potentially affecting photoperiod-controlled behavior. Anurans, for example, generally breed nocturnally, and the influence of light pollution on their natural history may therefore be especially strong. In this study, we tested this hypothesis by measuring male calling behavior of anuran communities in natural wetlands in southern Brazil exposed or not exposed to street lights. We recorded seasonal and diel calling activity and calling response to a light pulse. The peak calling season differed between continuously lit and unlit locations with most species in illuminated wetlands shortening their calling season and calling earlier in the year. In unlit breeding sites, Boana pulchella, Pseudis minuta, and Pseudopaludicola falcipes confined their calling activity to well-defined hours of the night, but in continuously lit areas, these species called more continuously through the night. A 2-minute light pulse inhibited calling, but only in unlit wetlands. After a light pulse, frogs quickly resumed calling-suggesting acclimatization to brief artificial light exposure. Our field experiment presents a convincing example of ecological light pollution showing that artificial light alters the seasonal and diel calling time of some South American wetland anurans. It also documents their acclimatization to brief lighting when being continuously exposed to light. |
| Address |
Laboratorio de Ecologia de Vertebrados Terrestres, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos – UNISINOS, Campus Sao Leopoldo, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, 93020-190, Brazil |
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English |
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| ISSN |
0028-1042 |
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| Notes |
PMID:31280391 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2560 |
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| Author |
Fobert, E.K.; Burke da Silva, K.; Swearer, S.E. |
| Title |
Artificial light at night causes reproductive failure in clownfish |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Biology Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biol. Lett. |
| Volume |
15 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
20190272 |
| Keywords |
Animals |
| Abstract |
The Earth is getting brighter at night, as artificial light at night (ALAN) continues to increase and extend its reach. Despite recent recognition of the damaging impacts of ALAN on terrestrial ecosystems, research on ALAN in marine systems is comparatively lacking. To further our understanding of the impacts of ALAN on marine organisms, this study examines how the reproductive fitness of the common clownfish Amphiprion ocellaris is influenced by the presence of ALAN. We assessed how exposure to low levels of ALAN affects (i) frequency of spawning, (ii) egg fertilization success, and (iii) hatching success of A. ocellaris under control (12 : 12 day–night) and treatment (12 : 12 day–ALAN) light regimes. While we found exposure to ALAN had no impact on the frequency of spawning or fertilization success, ALAN had dramatic effects on hatching. Amphiprion ocellaris eggs incubated in the presence of ALAN simply did not hatch, resulting in zero survivorship of offspring. These findings suggest ALAN can significantly reduce reproductive fitness in a benthic-spawning reef fish. Further research in this field is necessary to fully understand the extent of this impact on population and community dynamics in the wild. |
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1744-9561 |
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no |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2562 |
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| Author |
Russo, D.; Cosentino, F.; Festa, F.; De Benedetta, F.; Pejic, B.; Cerretti, P.; Ancillotto, L. |
| Title |
Artificial illumination near rivers may alter bat-insect trophic interactions |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Environ Pollut |
| Volume |
252 |
Issue |
Pt B |
Pages |
1671-1677 |
| Keywords |
Animals |
| Abstract |
Artificial illumination at night represents an increasingly concerning threat to ecosystems worldwide, altering persistence, behaviour, physiology and fitness of many organisms and their mutual interactions, in the long-term affecting ecosystem functioning. Bats are very sensitive to artificial light at night because they are obligate nocturnal and feed on insects which are often also responsive to lights. Here we tested the effects of LED lighting on prey-predator interactions at riverine ecosystems, using bats and their insect prey as models, and compared bat and insect reactions in terms of bat activity and prey insect abundance and diversity, respectively, on artificially lit vs. unlit nights. Artificial light influenced both insect and bat assemblages in taxon-specific directions: insect abundances increased at lit sites, particularly due to an increase in small dipterans near the light source. Composition of insect assemblages also differed significantly between lit and unlit sites. Total bat activity declined at lit sites, but this change was mainly due to the response of the most abundant species, Myotis daubentonii, while opportunistic species showed no reaction or even an opposite pattern (Pipistrellus kuhlii). We show that artificial lighting along rivers may affect trophic interactions between bats and insects, resulting in a profound alteration of community structure and dynamics. |
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Wildlife Research Unit, Dipartimento di Agraria, Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, via Universita, 100, 80055, Portici, Italy |
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English |
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0269-7491 |
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PMID:31284209 |
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no |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2572 |
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| Author |
Columella, L.J.M. |
| Title |
Of husbandry |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
70 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
Book 9 |
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Pages |
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Animals |
| Abstract |
Excerpt from Chapter 14, page 409 in the linked English translation:
...Therefore, at the time when the mallows blossom, when there is the greatest multitude of these butterflies, if a high brazen vessel, with a narrow neck like the mile-column, be placed in the evening among the bee-hives, and some light put down to the bottom of it, the butterflies gather together to it from all places; and, while they flutter about the small flame, they are scorched, because they can neither fly easily upward out of the narrow place, nor, on the other hand, can they retire at a greater distance from the fire, since they are surrounded by the sides of the brazen vessel: therefore they are consumed by the burning heat that is near them... |
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Latin |
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English |
Original Title |
De re rustica |
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no |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2578 |
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Nitta, Y.; Matsui, S.; Kato, Y.; Kaga, Y.; Sugimoto, K.; Sugie, A. |
| Title |
Analysing the evolutional and functional differentiation of four types of Daphnia magna cryptochrome in Drosophila circadian clock |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Scientific Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sci Rep |
| Volume |
9 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
8857 |
| Keywords |
Animals |
| Abstract |
Cryptochrome (CRY) plays an important role in the input of circadian clocks in various species, but gene copies in each species are evolutionarily divergent. Type I CRYs function as a photoreceptor molecule in the central clock, whereas type II CRYs directly regulate the transcriptional activity of clock proteins. Functions of other types of animal CRYs in the molecular clock remain unknown. The water flea Daphnia magna contains four Cry genes. However, it is still difficult to analyse these four genes. In this study, we took advantage of powerful genetic resources available from Drosophila to investigate evolutionary and functional differentiation of CRY proteins between the two species. We report differences in subcellular localisation of each D. magna CRY protein when expressed in the Drosophila clock neuron. Circadian rhythm behavioural experiments revealed that D. magna CRYs are not functionally conserved in the Drosophila molecular clock. These findings provide a new perspective on the evolutionary conservation of CRY, as functions of the four D. magna CRY proteins have diverse subcellular localisation levels. Furthermore, molecular clocks of D. magna have been evolutionarily differentiated from those of Drosophila. This study highlights the extensive functional diversity existing among species in their complement of Cry genes. |
| Address |
Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan. atsushi.sugie@bri.niigata-u.ac.jp |
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English |
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2045-2322 |
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PMID:31222139; PMCID:PMC6586792 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2579 |
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