| Records |
| Author |
Elvidge, C.D.; Baugh, K.E.; Kihn, E.A.; Kroehl, H.W.; Davis, E.R. |
| Title |
Mapping city lights with night-time data from the DMSP operational linescan system. |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1997 |
Publication |
Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing |
| Volume |
63 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
727-734 |
| Keywords |
Remote Sensing |
| Abstract |
The Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) Operational Linescan System (OLS) has a unique capability to detect low levels of visible and near-infrared (VNIR) radiance at
night. With the OLS “VIS” band data, it is possible to detect clouds illuminated by moonlight, plus lights from cities, towns, industrial sites, gas pares, and ephemeral events such as fires and lightning illuminated clouds. This paper presents methods which have been developed for detecting and geolocating VNIR emission sources with nighttime DMSP-OLS data and the analysis of image time series to identify spatially stable emissions from cities, towns, and industrial sites. Results are presented for the United States. |
| Address |
Desert Research Institute, University of Nevada System, Reno, NV 89506 and the Solar-Terrestrial Physics Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Geophysical Data Center, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303; cde(at)ngdc.noaa.gov |
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American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing |
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English |
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English |
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LoNNe @ christopher.kyba @ |
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497 |
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Wright, K.P.J.; McHill, A.W.; Birks, B.R.; Griffin, B.R.; Rusterholz, T.; Chinoy, E.D. |
| Title |
Entrainment of the human circadian clock to the natural light-dark cycle |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Current Biology : CB |
Abbreviated Journal |
Curr Biol |
| Volume |
23 |
Issue |
16 |
Pages |
1554-1558 |
| Keywords |
Human Health; Adult; Circadian Clocks/*radiation effects; Female; Humans; *Lighting; Male; *Photoperiod; *Sunlight; Young Adult; Circadian Rhythm |
| Abstract |
The electric light is one of the most important human inventions. Sleep and other daily rhythms in physiology and behavior, however, evolved in the natural light-dark cycle [1], and electrical lighting is thought to have disrupted these rhythms. Yet how much the age of electrical lighting has altered the human circadian clock is unknown. Here we show that electrical lighting and the constructed environment is associated with reduced exposure to sunlight during the day, increased light exposure after sunset, and a delayed timing of the circadian clock as compared to a summer natural 14 hr 40 min:9 hr 20 min light-dark cycle camping. Furthermore, we find that after exposure to only natural light, the internal circadian clock synchronizes to solar time such that the beginning of the internal biological night occurs at sunset and the end of the internal biological night occurs before wake time just after sunrise. In addition, we find that later chronotypes show larger circadian advances when exposed to only natural light, making the timing of their internal clocks in relation to the light-dark cycle more similar to earlier chronotypes. These findings have important implications for understanding how modern light exposure patterns contribute to late sleep schedules and may disrupt sleep and circadian clocks. |
| Address |
Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309-0354, USA. kenneth.wright@colorado.edu |
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0960-9822 |
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PMID:23910656; PMCID:PMC4020279 |
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no |
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LoNNe @ christopher.kyba @ |
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505 |
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| Author |
Kocifaj, M.; Solano Lamphar, H.A. |
| Title |
Quantitative analysis of night skyglow amplification under cloudy conditions |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |
Abbreviated Journal |
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |
| Volume |
443 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
3665-3674 |
| Keywords |
Skyglow; radiative transfer; scattering; atmospheric effects; light pollution; methods: numerical |
| Abstract |
The radiance produced by artificial light is a major source of nighttime over-illumination. It can, however, be treated experimentally using ground-based and satellite data. These two types of data complement each other and together have a high information content. For instance, the satellite data enable upward light emissions to be normalized, and this in turn allows skyglow levels at the ground to be modelled under cloudy or overcast conditions. Excessive night lighting imposes an unacceptable burden on nature, humans and professional astronomy. For this reason, there is a pressing need to determine the total amount of downwelling diffuse radiation. Undoubtedly, cloudy periods can cause a significant increase in skyglow as a result of amplification owing to diffuse reflection from clouds. While it is recognized that the amplification factor (AF) varies with cloud cover, the effects of different types of clouds, of atmospheric turbidity and of the geometrical relationships between the positions of an individual observer, the cloud layer, and the light source are in general poorly known. In this paper the AF is quantitatively analysed considering different aerosol optical depths (AODs), urban layout sizes and cloud types with specific albedos and altitudes. The computational results show that the AF peaks near the edges of a city rather than at its centre. In addition, the AF appears to be a decreasing function of AOD, which is particularly important when modelling the skyglow in regions with apparent temporal or seasonal variability of atmospheric turbidity. The findings in this paper will be useful to those designing engineering applications or modelling light pollution, as well as to astronomers and environmental scientists who aim to predict the amplification of skyglow caused by clouds. In addition, the semi-analytical formulae can be used to estimate the AF levels, especially in densely populated metropolitan regions for which detailed computations may be CPU-intensive. These new results are of theoretical and experimental significance as they will motivate experimentalists to collect data from various regions to build an overall picture of the AF, and will encourage modellers to test the consistency with theoretical predictions. |
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0035-8711 |
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LoNNe @ christopher.kyba @ |
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538 |
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| Author |
Duriscoe, D.M. |
| Title |
Measuring Anthropogenic Sky Glow Using a Natural Sky Brightness Model. |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific |
Abbreviated Journal |
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125 |
Issue |
933 |
Pages |
1370-1382 |
| Keywords |
Skyglow |
| Abstract |
Anthropogenic sky glow (a result of light pollution) combines with the natural background brightness of the night sky when viewed by an observer on the earth’s surface. In order to measure the anthropogenic component accurately, the natural component must be identified and subtracted. A model of the moonless natural sky brightness in the V-band was constructed from existing data on the Zodiacal Light, an airglow model based on the van Rhijn function, and a model of integrated starlight (including diffuse galactic light) constructed from images made with the same equipment used for sky brightness observations. The model also incorporates effective extinction by the atmosphere and is improved at high zenith angles (>80°) by the addition of atmospheric diffuse light. The model may be projected onto local horizon coordinates for a given observation at a resolution of 0.05° over the hemisphere of the sky, allowing it to be accurately registered with data images obtained from any site. Zodiacal Light and integrated starlight models compare favorably with observations from remote dark sky sites, matching within ± 8 nL over 95% of the sky. The natural airglow may be only approximately modeled, errors of up to ± 25 nL are seen when the airglow is rapidly changing or has considerable character (banding); ± 8 nL precision may be expected under favorable conditions. When subtracted from all-sky brightness data images, the model significantly improves estimates of sky glow from anthropogenic sources, especially at sites that experience slight to moderate light pollution. |
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LoNNe @ christopher.kyba @ |
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539 |
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| Author |
Myers, L.; Christian, K.; Kirchner, R. |
| Title |
Flowering responses of 48 lines of oilseed rape (Brassica spp.) to vernalization and daylength |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1982 |
Publication |
Australian Journal of Agricultural Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
Aust. J. Agric. Res. |
| Volume |
33 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
927 |
| Keywords |
Plants |
| Abstract |
Forty-eight lines of Brassica spp, of diverse origins were grown in the glasshouse either under natural daylengths or daylengths extended to 16 h by artificial illumination. Plants were either unvernalized or had been subjected to 6 weeks at 8¦C day and 6¦C night temperatures as seedlings. Lines could be classified into two major groups, according to whether or not vernalization or long photoperiods were essential for 50% flowering within 21 weeks. In six lines, both vernalization and long days were essential for prompt flowering, while only five lines did not respond to either treatment. Strong interactions between lines and treatments were found in the number of leaves and subtended buds at flowering. The results show that a wide range of responses is obtainable from material currently available, offering considerabk, scope for adaptation to different environments. |
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0004-9409 |
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IDA @ intern @ |
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2369 |
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