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Author |
Hoffmann, J.; Palme, R.; Eccard, J.A. |
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Title |
Long-term dim light during nighttime changes activity patterns and space use in experimental small mammal populations |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Environmental Pollution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Environ Pollut |
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Volume |
238 |
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Pages |
844-851 |
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Keywords |
Animals |
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Abstract |
Artificial light at night (ALAN) is spreading worldwide and thereby is increasingly interfering with natural dark-light cycles. Meanwhile, effects of very low intensities of light pollution on animals have rarely been investigated. We explored the effects of low intensity ALAN over seven months in eight experimental bank vole (Myodes glareolus) populations in large grassland enclosures over winter and early breeding season, using LED garden lamps. Initial populations consisted of eight individuals (32 animals per hectare) in enclosures with or without ALAN. We found that bank voles under ALAN experienced changes in daily activity patterns and space use behavior, measured by automated radiotelemetry. There were no differences in survival and body mass, measured with live trapping, and none in levels of fecal glucocorticoid metabolites. Voles in the ALAN treatment showed higher activity at night during half moon, and had larger day ranges during new moon. Thus, even low levels of light pollution as experienced in remote areas or by sky glow can lead to changes in animal behavior and could have consequences for species interactions. |
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Animal Ecology, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 1, 14469, Potsdam, Germany |
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0269-7491 |
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PMID:29627754 |
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Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
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1848 |
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Author |
Sanders, D.; Gaston, K.J. |
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Title |
How ecological communities respond to artificial light at night |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part A, Ecological and Integrative Physiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Zool A Ecol Integr Physiol |
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Volume |
329 |
Issue |
8-9 |
Pages |
394-400 |
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Keywords |
Ecology |
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Abstract |
Many ecosystems worldwide are exposed to artificial light at night (ALAN), from streetlights and other sources, and a wide range of organisms has been shown to respond to this anthropogenic pressure. This raises concerns about the consequences for major ecosystem functions and their stability. However, there is limited understanding of how whole ecological communities respond to ALAN, and this cannot be gained simply by making predictions from observed single species physiological, behavioral, or ecological responses. Research needs to include an important building block of ecological communities, namely the interactions between species that drive ecological and evolutionary processes in ecosystems. Here, we summarize current knowledge about community responses to ALAN and illustrate different pathways and their impact on ecosystem functioning and stability. We discuss that documentation of the impact of ALAN on species interaction networks and trait distributions provides useful tools to link changes in community structure to ecosystem functions. Finally, we suggest several approaches to advance research that will link the diverse impact of ALAN to changes in ecosystems. |
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Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin, Institute for Advanced Study, Berlin, Germany |
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2471-5638 |
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PMID:29656458 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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1857 |
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Author |
Preciado, O.; Manzano, E. |
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Title |
Spectral characteristics of road surfaces and eye transmittance: Effects on energy efficiency of road lighting at mesopic levels |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
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Lighting Research & Technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Lighting Research & Technology |
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147715351771822 |
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Keywords |
Vision; Lighting |
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In 2010, the CIE published a recommended system for mesopic photometry based on visual performance. According to this system, scenes illuminated at mesopic levels with light sources of high S/P ratio, will produce better visual performance than those illuminated with light sources of a lower S/P ratio at equal photopic luminance. However, there could be other factors affected by SPD that, when quantified, could lead to a contradictory final effect. The scope of this paper was to evaluate how road lighting is affected by the spectral road surface reflectance and by the human eye transmittance as people get older. Our results suggest that the benefits of considering the mesopic vision effect for light sources with high S/P ratios are totally counteracted by the other two effects at mesopic luminances between 0.75 cd/m2 and 1.73 cd/m2 for people between 20 and 60 years of age, depending on the light source and the age of observers. |
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1477-1535 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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1862 |
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Author |
Do, Q.-T.; Shapiro, J.N.; Elvidge, C.D.; Abdel-Jelil, M.; Ahn, D.P.; Baugh, K.; Hansen-Lewis, J.; Zhizhin, M.; Bazilian, M.D. |
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Title |
Terrorism, geopolitics, and oil security: Using remote sensing to estimate oil production of the Islamic State |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Energy Research & Social Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Energy Research & Social Science |
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44 |
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Pages |
411-418 |
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Keywords |
Remote Sensing; Economics |
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As the world’s most traded commodity, oil production is typically well monitored and analyzed. It also has established links to geopolitics, international relations, and security. Despite this attention, the illicit production, refining, and trade of oil and derivative products occur all over the world and provide significant revenues outside of the oversight and regulation of governments. A prominent manifestation of this phenomenon is how terrorist and insurgent organizations—including the Islamic State group, also known as ISIL/ISIS or Daesh—use oil as a revenue source. Understanding the spatial and temporal variation in production can help determine the scale of operations, technical capacity, and revenue streams. This information, in turn, can inform both security and reconstruction strategies. To this end, we use satellite multi-spectral imaging and ground-truth pre-war output data to effectively construct a real-time census of oil production in areas controlled by the ISIL terrorist group. More broadly, remotely measuring the activity of extractive industries in conflict-affected areas without reliable administrative data can support a broad range of public policy and decisions and military operations. |
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2214-6296 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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1864 |
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Author |
Grenis, K.; Murphy, S.M. |
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Title |
Direct and indirect effects of light pollution on the performance of an herbivorous insect |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Insect Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Insect Sci |
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Volume |
26 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
770-776 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Plants |
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Abstract |
Light pollution is a global disturbance with resounding impacts on a wide variety of organisms, but our understanding of these impacts is restricted to relatively few higher vertebrate species. We tested the direct effects of light pollution on herbivore performance as well as indirect effects mediated by host plant quality. We found that artificial light from streetlights alters plant toughness. Additionally, we found evidence of both direct and indirect effects of light pollution on the performance of an herbivorous insect, which indicates that streetlights can have cascading impacts on multiple trophic levels. Our novel findings suggest that light pollution can alter plant-insect interactions and thus may have important community-wide consequences. |
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Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA |
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1672-9609 |
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PMID:29425403 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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1865 |
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