| Records |
| Author |
Tierney, S.M.; Friedrich, M.; Humphreys, W.F.; Jones, T.M.; Warrant, E.J.; Wcislo, W.T. |
| Title |
Consequences of evolutionary transitions in changing photic environments: Transitions in photic environments |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication  |
Austral Entomology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Austral Entomology |
| Volume |
56 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
23-46 |
| Keywords |
Animals |
| Abstract |
Light represents one of the most reliable environmental cues in the biological world. In this review we focus on the evolutionary consequences to changes in organismal photic environments, with a specific focus on the class Insecta. Particular emphasis is placed on transitional forms that can be used to track the evolution from (1) diurnal to nocturnal (dim-light) or (2) surface to subterranean (aphotic) environments, as well as (3) the ecological encroachment of anthropomorphic light on nocturnal habitats (artificial light at night). We explore the influence of the light environment in an integrated manner, highlighting the connections between phenotypic adaptations (behaviour, morphology, neurology and endocrinology), molecular genetics and their combined influence on organismal fitness. We begin by outlining the current knowledge of insect photic niches and the organismal adaptations and molecular modifications that have evolved for life in those environments. We then outline concepts and guidelines for future research in the fields of natural history, ethology, neurology, morphology and particularly the advantages that high throughput sequencing provides to these aspects of investigation. Finally, we highlight that the power of such integrative science lies in its ability to make phylogenetically robust comparative assessments of evolution, ones that are grounded by empirical evidence derived from a concrete understanding of organismal natural history. |
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2052174X |
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| Call Number |
LoNNe @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1610 |
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| Author |
Myers, L.; Christian, K.; Kirchner, R. |
| Title |
Flowering responses of 48 lines of oilseed rape (Brassica spp.) to vernalization and daylength |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1982 |
Publication |
Australian Journal of Agricultural Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
Aust. J. Agric. Res. |
| Volume |
33 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
927 |
| Keywords |
Plants |
| Abstract |
Forty-eight lines of Brassica spp, of diverse origins were grown in the glasshouse either under natural daylengths or daylengths extended to 16 h by artificial illumination. Plants were either unvernalized or had been subjected to 6 weeks at 8¦C day and 6¦C night temperatures as seedlings. Lines could be classified into two major groups, according to whether or not vernalization or long photoperiods were essential for 50% flowering within 21 weeks. In six lines, both vernalization and long days were essential for prompt flowering, while only five lines did not respond to either treatment. Strong interactions between lines and treatments were found in the number of leaves and subtended buds at flowering. The results show that a wide range of responses is obtainable from material currently available, offering considerabk, scope for adaptation to different environments. |
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0004-9409 |
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IDA @ intern @ |
Serial |
2369 |
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Smith, H.M.; Neaves, L.E.; Divljan, A. |
| Title |
Predation on cicadas by an Australian Flying-fox Pteropus poliocephalus based on DNA evidence |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Australian Zoologist |
Abbreviated Journal |
Australian Zoologist |
| Volume |
in press |
Issue |
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Pages |
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| Keywords |
Animals |
| Abstract |
Historically, reports of insectivory in family Pteropodidae have largely been anecdotal and thought to be an incidental corollary of flying-foxes feeding on plant products. More recent direct observations of flying-foxes catching and consuming insects, as well as advances in techniques that increase our ability to detect dietary items, suggest that this behaviour may be deliberate and more common than previously thought. Usually, multiple insects are consumed, but it appears that flying-foxes hunt and eat them one at a time. However, we have collected and photographed oral ejecta pellets under trees with high flying-fox activity, some containing evidence of multiple masticated insects. Further genetic analysis proved that these pellets came from Grey-headed Flying-foxes Pteropus poliocephalus. We propose that flying-foxes use an array of insect feeding strategies, most likely in response to variation in insect abundance and activity, as well as abiotic factors such as light and temperature. |
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0067-2238 |
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no |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2148 |
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Firebaugh, A.; Haynes, K.J. |
| Title |
Light pollution may create demographic traps for nocturnal insects |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Basic and Applied Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Basic and Applied Ecology |
| Volume |
34 |
Issue |
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Pages |
118-125 |
| Keywords |
Animals |
| Abstract |
Light pollution impacts both intra- and inter-specific interactions, such as interactions between mates and predator–prey interactions. In mobile organisms attracted to artificial lights, the effect of light pollution on these interactions may be intensified. If organisms are repelled by artificial lights, effects of light pollution on intra- and inter-specific interactions may be diminished as organisms move away. However, organisms repelled by artificial lights would likely lose suitable habitat as light pollution expands. Thus, we investigated how light pollution affects both net attraction or repulsion of organisms and effects on intra- and inter-specific interactions. In manipulative field studies using fireflies, we found that Photuris versicolor and Photinus pyralis fireflies were lured to artificial (LED) light at night and that both species were less likely to engage in courtship dialogues (bioluminescent flashing) in light-polluted field plots. Light pollution also lowered the mating success of P. pyralis. P. versicolor is known to prey upon P. pyralis by mimicking the flash patterns of P. pyralis, but we did not find an effect of light pollution on Photuris–Photinus predator–prey interactions. Our study suggests, that for some nocturnal insects, light-polluted areas may act as demographic traps, i.e., areas where immigration exceeds emigration and inhibition of courtship dialogues and mating reduces reproduction. Examining multiple factors affecting population growth in concert is needed to understand and mitigate impacts of light pollution on wildlife. |
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1439-1791 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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1978 |
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Girard, M.B.; Kasumovic, M.M.; Elias, D.O. |
| Title |
The role of red coloration and song in peacock spider courtship: insights into complex signaling systems |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Behavioral Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
in press |
Issue |
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Pages |
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| Keywords |
Animals |
| Abstract |
Research on animal signaling enhances our understanding of links between sensory processing, decision making, behavior, and evolution. Studies of sexually-selected signals may be particularly informative as mate choice provides access to decision patterns in the way that courtship leads to an easily observable behavioral output in choosers, i.e., mating. Male peacock spiders have some of the most elaborate and varied courtship displays known among animals. Particularly striking to human observers is the diversity of red, orange, and yellow ornaments that males exhibit across the genus. The primary objective of our research was to investigate how these visual ornaments interact with vibratory songs to affect female mating behavior of one species, Maratus volans. Accordingly, we conducted mating trials under a series of experimentally manipulated vibratory and lighting conditions. Contrary to expectation, chromatic characteristics of longer wavelength ornaments are not driving female mate choice decisions, despite their extensive presence on male fans. Instead, our results suggest that contrast is important to females. Additionally, we found that vibratory signals were not necessary and did not increase mating rates. Our study demonstrates the intricacies inherent in complex signaling systems. |
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1045-2249 |
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no |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2027 |
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