| Records |
| Author |
Rowan, W. |
| Title |
Light And Seasonal Reproduction In Animals |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1938 |
Publication  |
Biological Reviews |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biological Reviews |
| Volume |
13 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
374-401 |
| Keywords |
Animals |
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| ISSN |
1464-7931 |
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no |
| Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2395 |
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| Author |
Foster, R.G.; Hughes, S.; Peirson, S.N. |
| Title |
Circadian Photoentrainment in Mice and Humans |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biology (Basel) |
| Volume |
9 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
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| Keywords |
Review; Animals; Human Health; circadian; entrainment; human; melanopsin (OPN4); mouse; photoreceptor |
| Abstract |
Light around twilight provides the primary entrainment signal for circadian rhythms. Here we review the mechanisms and responses of the mouse and human circadian systems to light. Both utilize a network of photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (pRGCs) expressing the photopigment melanopsin (OPN4). In both species action spectra and functional expression of OPN4 in vitro show that melanopsin has a lambdamax close to 480 nm. Anatomical findings demonstrate that there are multiple pRGC sub-types, with some evidence in mice, but little in humans, regarding their roles in regulating physiology and behavior. Studies in mice, non-human primates and humans, show that rods and cones project to and can modulate the light responses of pRGCs. Such an integration of signals enables the rods to detect dim light, the cones to detect higher light intensities and the integration of intermittent light exposure, whilst melanopsin measures bright light over extended periods of time. Although photoreceptor mechanisms are similar, sensitivity thresholds differ markedly between mice and humans. Mice can entrain to light at approximately 1 lux for a few minutes, whilst humans require light at high irradiance (>100's lux) and of a long duration (>30 min). The basis for this difference remains unclear. As our retinal light exposure is highly dynamic, and because photoreceptor interactions are complex and difficult to model, attempts to develop evidence-based lighting to enhance human circadian entrainment are very challenging. A way forward will be to define human circadian responses to artificial and natural light in the “real world” where light intensity, duration, spectral quality, time of day, light history and age can each be assessed. |
| Address |
Sleep & Circadian Neuroscience Institute (SCNi), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, Oxford Molecular Pathology Institute, South Parks Road, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RF, UK |
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English |
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| ISSN |
2079-7737 |
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PMID:32708259; PMCID:PMC7408241 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
3082 |
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| Author |
Ouyang, J.Q; Maaike de Jong, M.H.; Visser, M.E.; van Grunsven, R.H.A.; Ouyang, J.Q |
| Title |
Stressful colours: corticosterone concentrations in a free-living songbird vary with the spectral composition of experimental illumination |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Biology Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biol. Lett. |
| Volume |
11 |
Issue |
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Pages |
20150517 |
| Keywords |
Animals; birds; corticosterone; stress; Parus major; great tit; artificial light; light spectra |
| Abstract |
Organisms have evolved under natural daily light/dark cycles for millions of years. These cycles have been disturbed as night-time darkness is increasingly replaced by artificial illumination. Investigating the physiological consequences of free-living organisms in artificially lit environments is crucial to determine whether nocturnal lighting disrupts circadian rhythms, changes behaviour, reduces fitness and ultimately affects population numbers. We make use of a unique, large-scale network of replicated field sites which were experimentally illuminated at night using lampposts emanating either red, green, white or no light to test effect on stress hormone concentrations (corticosterone) in a songbird, the great tit (Parus major). Adults nesting in white-light transects had higher corticosterone concentrations than in the other treatments. We also found a significant interaction between distance to the closest lamppost and treatment type: individuals in red light had higher corticosterone levels when they nested closer to the lamppost than individuals nesting farther away, a decline not observed in the green or dark treatment. Individuals with high corticosterone levels had fewer fledglings, irrespective of treatment. These results show that artificial light can induce changes in individual hormonal phenotype. As these effects vary considerably with light spectrum, it opens the possibility to mitigate these effects by selecting street lighting of specific spectra. |
| Address |
Department of Animal Ecology, The Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands; j.ouyang(at)nioo.knaw.nl |
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Royal Society |
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| Language |
English |
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English |
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no |
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IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
1248 |
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| Author |
Fobert, E.K.; Burke da Silva, K.; Swearer, S.E. |
| Title |
Artificial light at night causes reproductive failure in clownfish |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Biology Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biol. Lett. |
| Volume |
15 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
20190272 |
| Keywords |
Animals |
| Abstract |
The Earth is getting brighter at night, as artificial light at night (ALAN) continues to increase and extend its reach. Despite recent recognition of the damaging impacts of ALAN on terrestrial ecosystems, research on ALAN in marine systems is comparatively lacking. To further our understanding of the impacts of ALAN on marine organisms, this study examines how the reproductive fitness of the common clownfish Amphiprion ocellaris is influenced by the presence of ALAN. We assessed how exposure to low levels of ALAN affects (i) frequency of spawning, (ii) egg fertilization success, and (iii) hatching success of A. ocellaris under control (12 : 12 day–night) and treatment (12 : 12 day–ALAN) light regimes. While we found exposure to ALAN had no impact on the frequency of spawning or fertilization success, ALAN had dramatic effects on hatching. Amphiprion ocellaris eggs incubated in the presence of ALAN simply did not hatch, resulting in zero survivorship of offspring. These findings suggest ALAN can significantly reduce reproductive fitness in a benthic-spawning reef fish. Further research in this field is necessary to fully understand the extent of this impact on population and community dynamics in the wild. |
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1744-9561 |
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no |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2562 |
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| Author |
Li, Y.; Cheng, S.; Li, L.; Zhao, Y.; Shen, W.; Sun, X. |
| Title |
Light-exposure at night impairs mouse ovary development via cell apoptosis and DNA damage |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Bioscience Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biosci Rep |
| Volume |
39 |
Issue |
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Pages |
BSR20181464 |
| Keywords |
Human Health; Animals; mouse models; ovaries |
| Abstract |
The alternation of light and dark rhythm causes a series of physiological, biochemical and metabolic changes in animals, which also alters the growth and development of animals, and feeding, migration, reproduction and other behavioral activities. In recent years, many studies have reported the effects of long-term (more than 6 weeks) illumination on ovarian growth and development. In this study, we observed the damage, repair and apoptosis of ovarian DNA in a short period of illumination. The results showed that, in short time (less than 2 weeks) illumination conditions, the 24 hrs-light treatment caused the reduction of total ovarian follicle number and downregulation of circadian clock related genes. Furthermore, the changed levels of serum sex hormones were also detected after 24 hrs-light exposure, of which the concentrations of LH (luteinizing hormone), FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) and E2 (estradiol) were increased, but the concentration of PROG (progesterone) was decreased. Moreover, 24 hrs-light exposure increased the expression of DNA damage and repair related genes, the number of TUNEL and RAD51 positive cells. These results indicated that 24 hrs-light exposure for 4 days, 8days and 12 days increased DNA damage and cell apoptosis, thereby affecting the development of ovary. |
| Address |
Qingdao agricultural university, Qingdao, China; xfsun@qau.edu.cn |
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| Publisher |
Portland Press |
Place of Publication |
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English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Edition |
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0144-8463 |
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| Notes |
PMID:30962269 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2293 |
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