| Records |
| Author |
Downey, J.W. |
| Title |
Determination of minimum light sense and retinal dark adaptation with presentation of a new type of photometer |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1919 |
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American Journal of Ophthalmology |
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2 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
13-20 |
| Keywords |
Vision; Instrumentation |
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This paper reviews the principal hypotheses with reference to light and dark adaptation, and suggests a practical photometer, using a radioactive substance as a standard of comparison. With three illustrations, and experimental findings with this instrument. |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2418 |
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Christie, S.; Vincent, A.D.; Li, H.; Frisby, C.L.; Kentish, S.J.; O'Rielly, R.; Wittert, G.A.; Page, A.J. |
| Title |
A rotating light cycle promotes weight gain and hepatic lipid storage in mice |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol |
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in press |
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Animals |
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Processes involved in regulation of energy balance and intermediary metabolism are aligned to the light-dark cycle. Shift-work and high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity disrupt circadian rhythmicity and are associated with increased risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study aimed to determine the effect of simulating shift work on hepatic lipid accumulation in lean and HFD-mice. C57BL/6 mice fed a standard laboratory diet (SLD) or HFD for 4wks were further allocated to a normal light (NL)-cycle (lights on:0600-1800hr) or rotating light (RL)-cycle (3-days NL and 4-days reversed (lights on:1800-0600hr) repeated) for 8wks. Tissue was collected every 3hrs beginning at 0600hr. HFD-mice gained more weight than SLD-mice, and RL-mice gained more weight than NL-mice. SLD-NL and HFD-NL mice, but not RL-mice, were more active, had higher respiratory quotients and consumed/expended more energy during the dark phase compared to the light phase. Blood glucose and plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were elevated in HFD and SLD-RL compared to SLD-NL mice. Hepatic glycogen was elevated in HFD compared to SLD-mice. Hepatic triglycerides were elevated in SLD-RL and HFD-mice compared to SLD-NL. Circadian rhythmicity of hepatic acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACACA) mRNA was phase shifted in SLD-RL and HFD-NL and lost in HFD-RL mice. Hepatic ACACA protein was reduced in SLD-RL and HFD-mice compared to SLD-NL mice. Hepatic adipose triglyceride lipase was elevated in HFD-NL compared to SLD-NL but lower in RL-mice compared to NL-mice irrespective of diet. -Conclusion: A RL-cycle model of shift-work promotes weight gain and hepatic lipid storage even in lean conditions. |
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Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Australia |
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English |
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0193-1857 |
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PMID:30188750 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2123 |
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Tuttle, B. T., Anderson, S. J., Sutton, P. C., Elvidge, C. D., & Baugh, K. |
| Title |
It Used To Be Dark Here |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2013 |
Publication |
American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing |
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3 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
287-297 |
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Remote Sensing |
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Nighttime satellite imagery from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) Operational Linescan System (OLS) has a unique capability to observe nocturnal light emissions from sources including cities, wild fires, and gas flares. Data from the DMSP OLS is used in a wide range of studies including mapping urban areas, estimating informal economies, and estimations of population. Given the extensive and increasing list of applications a repeatable method for assessing geolocation accuracy would be beneficial. An array of portable lights was designed and taken to multiple field sites known to have no other light sources. The lights were operated during nighttime overpasses by the DMSP OLS and observed in the imagery. An assessment of the geolocation accuracy was performed by measuring the distance between the GPS measured location of the lights and the observed location in the imagery. A systematic shift was observed and the mean distance was measured at 2.9 km. |
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IDA @ intern @ |
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2520 |
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Thompson, E.K.; Cullinan, N.L.; Jones, T.M.; Hopkins, G.R. |
| Title |
Effects of artificial light at night and male calling on movement patterns and mate location in field crickets |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
Animal Behaviour |
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158 |
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183-191 |
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Animals |
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Anthropogenic factors, such as artificial light at night (ALAN), are increasingly linked to significant modifications in animal behaviours, such as foraging or migration. However, few studies have investigated directly whether the presence of ALAN affects the ability to find a mate (mate location). One direct effect of the presence of ALAN is that it can create a light barrier in an otherwise dark environment. This may have significant behavioural implications for nocturnally active species if it affects their ability to respond to potential mates. Our study, using the acoustically orienting Australian black field cricket, Teleogryllus commodus, determined experimentally whether the presence of a fragmented light environment influenced movement patterns of virgin females and males. Moreover, given the importance of male song for reproductive outcomes in this species, we assessed simultaneously whether such behaviours were modified by the presence of a male attraction call. We found that while initiation of movement was slower in the presence of ALAN, the behavioural shifts associated with its presence were relatively small compared to the influence of a broadcast male attraction call. The response to the male attraction call was typically stronger for females than for males, but both males and females modified aspects of behaviour when it was present regardless of whether their immediate environment was fragmented by artificial light at night or not. Artificial light at night may alter subtle aspects of movement and mating behaviour in this species, but ultimately does not provide a barrier to movement or mate location. |
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0003-3472 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2752 |
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Alonso, J.C.; Abril-Colón, I.; Palacín, C. |
| Title |
Moonlight triggers nocturnal display in a diurnal bird |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
Animal Behaviour |
| Volume |
171 |
Issue |
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87-98 |
| Keywords |
Moonlight; Animals |
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The importance of nocturnal display in diurnal birds has been neglected for a long time, owing to the difficulties in recording behaviour by night. Using loggers with an accelerometer (ACC) we studied nocturnal display in male African houbara bustards, Chlamydotis undulata, ssp. fuertaventurae. Diurnal display of male houbaras consists of a visual component, the display run, and an acoustic component, the boom. Nocturnal display runs were only recorded twice, both on full moon nights. Nocturnal booming intensity was highest on full moon nights when it reached similar levels to those during peak diurnal display at dawn. The more favourable physical conditions for sound transmission and the reduced acoustic competition with wind and other birds at night have been proposed to explain nocturnal vocalizing. Minimizing copulation disruptions, a frequent intramale competition mechanism in bustards, could be an additional advantage of nocturnal display. However, these factors do not explain why vocal activity is highest on full moon nights. We suggest that moonlight may help displaying males to detect predators, as well as to communicate visually with approaching females. Moonlight also allows males to combine booms with visual signals produced by the white neck feathers exposed during booming into more efficient multimodal signals. Moonlight would thus ultimately lead to males achieving nocturnal copulations, which indeed might be more frequent than previously thought, according to rates of nocturnal ACC-recorded precopulatory movements. Finally, nocturnal booming sequences had almost twice as many booms as diurnal ones, which suggests that nocturnal vocalizations transmit higher-quality information about signalling males than diurnal vocalizations. Nocturnal booming significantly increased the total display time of male houbara bustards; thus, future studies should investigate whether nocturnal vocal activity represents an important contribution to individual fitness in this and other nocturnally vocalizing diurnal species. |
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0003-3472 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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3272 |
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