| Records |
| Author |
Simoneau, A.; Aubé, M.; Leblanc, J.; Boucher, R.; Roby, J.; Lacharité, F. |
| Title |
PSFs for mapping artificial night sky luminance over large territories |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |
Abbreviated Journal |
MNRAS |
| Volume |
in press |
Issue |
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Pages |
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| Keywords |
Skyglow; light pollution; simulations; atmospheric effects; radiative transfer; numerical methods; site testing |
| Abstract |
Knowledge of the night sky radiance over a large territory may be valuable information to identify sites appropriate to astronomical observations or for asserting the impacts of artificial light at night on ecosystems. Measuring the sky radiance can be a complex endeavour depending on the desired temporal and spatial resolution. Similarly, modelling of artificial night sky radiance for multiple points of a territory can represent a significant amount of computing time depending on the complexity of the model used. We suggest performing modelling of
the sky radiance over large territories using the convolution of a transfer function determined with the radiative transfer model Illumina v2. The transfer functions are used as Point Spread Functions of single light sources over a complex light source geographical distributions. The main contributions of our work are to determine how the Point Spread Function is sensitive to the main driving parameters of the artificial night sky radiance such as the wavelength, the ground reflectance, the obstacles properties, the Upward Light Output Ratio and the Aerosol Optical Depth. The method is applied to the territory of the Mont-Mégantic International Dark Sky Reserve in Canada. We repeated the experiment for winter and summer conditions and compared the maps to the New world atlas of artificial night sky brightness, to different setup of the Illumina v2 model and to in situ Sky Quality Camera measurements. The typical errors associated with the method were evaluated. |
| Address |
Département de géomatique appliquée, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boul. de l’Université, Sherbrooke, J1K 2R1, Canada; martin.aube ( at ) cegepsherbrooke.qc.ca |
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| Publisher |
Royal Astronomical Society |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
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| Call Number |
IDA @ john @ |
Serial  |
3301 |
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| Author |
Argys, L.M.; Averett, S.L.; Yang, M. |
| Title |
Light pollution, sleep deprivation, and infant health at birth |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Southern Economic Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
South Econ J |
| Volume |
87 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
849-888 |
| Keywords |
Human Health; birth outcomes; light pollution; skyglow; sleep deprivation |
| Abstract |
We conduct the first study to examine the fetal health impact of light pollution based on a direct measure of skyglow, an important aspect of light pollution. Using an empirical regularity discovered in physics (called Walker's law) as an instrumental variable, we address the potential endogeneity problem associated with the skyglow variable. We find evidence of reduced birth weight, shortened gestational length, and increases in preterm births. Specifically, increased nighttime brightness, characterized by being able to see only one‐fourth to one‐third of the stars that are visible in the natural unpolluted night sky, is associated with an increase of 1.48 percentage points in the likelihood of a preterm birth. Our study adds to the literature on the impact of early‐life exposure to pollution, which so far has focused primarily on air pollution. Our study has important policy implications regarding the necessity of minimizing skyglow that is, for example, contributed by streetlights. |
| Address |
Department of Economics, Lehigh University, 621 Taylor Street, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA; muzheyang ( at ) lehigh.edu |
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| Publisher |
Wiley |
Place of Publication |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
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0038-4038 |
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no |
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IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
3300 |
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| Author |
Masana, E.; Carrasco, J.M.; Bará, S.; Ribas, S.J. |
| Title |
A multiband map of the natural night sky brightness including Gaia and Hipparcos integrated starlight |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
501 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
5443-5456 |
| Keywords |
Instrumentation; night sky brightness; radiative transfer; scattering; atmospheric effects; photometers; light pollution; site testing |
| Abstract |
The natural night sky brightness is a relevant input for monitoring the light pollution evolution at observatory sites, by subtracting it from the overall sky brightness determined by direct measurements. It is also instrumental for assessing the expected darkness of the pristine night skies. The natural brightness of the night sky is determined by the sum of the spectral radiances coming from astrophysical sources, including zodiacal light, and the atmospheric airglow. The resulting radiance is modified by absorption and scattering before it reaches the observer. Therefore, the natural night sky brightness is a function of the location, time, and atmospheric conditions. We present in this work the GAia Map of the Brightness Of the Natural Sky (GAMBONS), a model to map the natural night brightness of the sky in cloudless and moonless nights. Unlike previous maps, GAMBONS is based on the extra-atmospheric star radiance obtained from the Gaia catalogue. The Gaia-Data Release 2 (DR2) archive compiles astrometric and photometric information for more than 1.6 billion stars up to G = 21 mag. For the brightest stars, not included in Gaia-DR2, we have used the Hipparcos catalogue instead. After adding up to the star radiance the contributions of the diffuse galactic and extragalactic light, zodiacal light and airglow, and taking into account the effects of atmospheric attenuation and scattering, the radiance detected by ground-based observers can be estimated. This methodology can be applied to any photometric band, if appropriate transformations from the Gaia bands are available. In particular, we present the expected sky brightness for V (Johnson), and visual photopic and scotopic passbands. |
| Address |
Departament Física Quàntica i Astrofìsica, Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICC-UB-IEEC), C Martí Franquès 1, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain; emasana ( at ) fqa.ub.edu |
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Oxford Academic |
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English |
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English |
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0035-8711 |
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no |
| Call Number |
IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
3299 |
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| Author |
Wang, G.; Vega-Rodriguez, J.; Diabate, A.; Liu, J.; Cui, C.; Nignan, C.; Dong, L.; Li, F.; Ouedrago, C.O.; Bandaogo, A.M.; Sawadogo, P.S.; Maiga, H.; Alves E Silva, T.L.; Pascini, T.V.; Wang, S.; Jacobs-Lorena, M. |
| Title |
Clock genes and environmental cues coordinate Anopheles pheromone synthesis, swarming, and mating |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
| Volume |
371 |
Issue |
6527 |
Pages |
411-415 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Mosquitos |
| Abstract |
Anopheles mating is initiated by the swarming of males at dusk followed by females flying into the swarm. Here, we show that mosquito swarming and mating are coordinately guided by clock genes, light, and temperature. Transcriptome analysis shows up-regulation of the clock genes period (per) and timeless (tim) in the head of field-caught swarming Anopheles coluzzii males. Knockdown of per and tim expression affects Anopheles gambiae s.s. and Anopheles stephensi male mating in the laboratory, and it reduces male An. coluzzii swarming and mating under semifield conditions. Light and temperature affect mosquito mating, possibly by modulating per and/or tim expression. Moreover, the desaturase gene desat1 is up-regulated and rhythmically expressed in the heads of swarming males and regulates the production of cuticular hydrocarbons, including heptacosane, which stimulates mating activity. |
| Address |
Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and Malaria Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA. sbwang@cemps.ac.cn ljacob13@jhu.edu |
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English |
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0036-8075 |
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| Notes |
PMID:33479155 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
3298 |
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| Author |
Glennon, M.J.; Kretser, H.E. |
| Title |
Exurbia East and West: Responses of Bird Communities to Low Density Residential Development in Two North American Regions |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Diversity |
Abbreviated Journal |
Diversity |
| Volume |
13 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
42 |
| Keywords |
Animals |
| Abstract |
Exurban development is a prevalent cause of habitat loss and alteration throughout the globe and is a common land-use pattern in areas of high natural amenity value. We investigated the response of bird communities to exurban development in two contrasting North American regions, the Adirondack Park (New York) in the eastern US, and the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (Montana) in the Rocky Mountain West. We combined social and ecological data collection methods to compare the effects of exurban development on avian communities between the two landscapes, and, in exurban residential areas within them, to compare the relative roles of habitat structure, resource provisioning, and human disturbance in influencing avian habitat use. Contrasting with an earlier pilot study, we found differential effects of exurban development in the two regions, with birds generally more responsive in the Adirondack Park. Characteristics of habitat context and structure had larger influences on bird habitat use than human-associated resource provisioning or disturbance in both landscapes. The smaller magnitude and high variability in the responses of birds to landowner stewardship and/or disturbance suggest that broader geographical factors are highly important and that careful siting of developments on the landscape may be more successful at protecting wildlife communities than attempts to influence the behaviors of their inhabitants once built. |
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1424-2818 |
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| Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
3297 |
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