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Author |
Cheon, S.H.; Kim, J.-A. |
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Title |
Quantifying the influence of urban sources on night light emissions |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Landscape and Urban Planning |
Abbreviated Journal |
Landscape and Urban Planning |
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Volume |
204 |
Issue |
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Pages |
103936 |
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Keywords |
Planning; Light pollution; VIIRS; VIIRS-DNB; Urban land use; Urban built environment; Nightlight emissions; nightlights |
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Abstract |
Light pollution in urban locations is a complex, serious problem, but researchers have paid more attention to light pollution on natural, non-urban environments. Understanding the sources of artificial light radiance intensity is the first step in minimizing damage from light pollution in urban areas. The purpose of this study is to quantitatively examine the relationship between light pollution and urban built environments. We developed databases for a series of urban–built environment data with composite Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite day-night band (VIIRS-DNB) data from the Earth Observation Group of the United States National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration’s National Geophysical Data Center to apply regression models (production functions) with grid cells at a spatial resolution of 15 arc seconds. Based on the results, we identified urban-development and land-use characteristics and built-environment factors that caused high levels of light emissions in a city. First, high levels of light emissions are associated with urban spatial-development patterns, such as roads, office buildings, commercial facilities, higher proportions of “station influence areas,” and urban-development intensity. Second, more seriously, the infiltration of commercial facilities into urban residential areas makes them brighter and increases the risk of exposure to light pollution. Therefore, the development of commercial areas and commercial facilities that emit light should be properly managed, especially for areas mixed with residential land use. Third, our quantitative model with intra-city-level analyses can estimate a high level of the baseline light-emission propensity in Seoul, which indicates that a city’s light-emission intensity can be highly associated with its sociocultural and institutional characteristics for lighting and light uses. |
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Address |
Department of Urban Planning and Design, Hong-ik University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; scheon ( at ) gmail.com |
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Elsevier |
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English |
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English |
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ISSN |
0169-2046 |
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IDA @ john @ |
Serial  |
3306 |
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Author |
Walczak, K.; Crim, G.; Gesite, T.; Habtemichael, S.; Morgan, J.; Tarr, C.; Turkic, L.; Wiedemann, J. |
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Title |
The GONet (Ground Observing Network) Camera: An Inexpensive Light Pollution Monitoring System |
Type |
Report |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
preprint |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
Instrumentation; GONet; Light pollution; All-sky imaging; Sky brightness; Monitoring |
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Abstract |
Instrumentation developed to monitor and characterize light pollution from the ground has helped frame our understanding of the impacts of artificial light at night (ALAN) [Bará, Lima, & Zamorano, 2019; Hänel et al., 2018; Zamorano et al., 2017]. All-sky imaging has been used to quantify and characterize ALAN in a variety of environments [D. M. Duriscoe, 2016; Jechow, Kyba, & Hölker, 2019]. Over the past decade growth in access to DIY electronics has afforded the opportunity for the development of new and affordable instrumentation for ALAN research. The
GONet (Ground Observing Network) camera is an inexpensive (~USD 100), simple to use, all-sky imaging system designed to allow measurements of sky quality at night. Due to their ease of use and low price, GONet cameras allow observations by users with little technical expertise, large inter-comparison campaigns and deployments of opportunity. Developed as a student engineering project at the Adler Planetarium, initial field tests of the GONet system have demonstrated its utility as a tool that can benefit ALAN research. Here we present an overview of the
design and use of the GONet device, methods of calibration, initial results from observations, potential use cases, and limitations of the system. What we describe here is the version 1 GONet camera. We conclude with a brief description
of the version 2 unit already under development. |
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Address |
Adler Planetarium, Chicago, Illinois 60605, USA; kwalczak ( at ) adlerplanetarium.org |
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English |
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English |
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IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
3305 |
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Author |
Aubé, M.; Marseille, C.; Farkouh, A.; Dufour, A.; Simoneau, A.; Zamorano, J.; Roby, J.; Tapia, C. |
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Title |
Mapping the Melatonin Suppression, Star Light and Induced Photosynthesis Indices with the LANcube |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Remote Sensing |
Abbreviated Journal |
Remote Sensing |
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Volume |
12 |
Issue |
23 |
Pages |
3954 |
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Keywords |
Instrumentation; artificial light at night; intrusive light; direct light pollution; radiometry; multispectral; multiangular; Melatonin Suppression Index; Star Light Index; spectroscopy; measurement; synthetic photometry |
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Abstract |
Increased exposure to artificial light at night can affect human health including disruption of melatonin production and circadian rhythms which can extend to increased risks of hormonal cancers and other serious diseases. In addition, multiple negative impacts on fauna and flora are well documented, and it is a matter of fact that artificial light at night is a nuisance for ground-based astronomy. These impacts are frequently linked to the colour of the light or more specifically to its spectral content. Artificial light at night is often mapped by using spaceborne sensors, but most of them are panchromatic and thus insensitive to the colour. In this paper, we suggest a method that allows high-resolution mapping of the artificial light at night by using ground-based measurements with the LANcube system. The newly developed device separates the light detected in four bands (Red, Green, Blue and Clear) and provides this information for six faces of a cube. We found relationships between the LANcube’s colour ratios and (1) the Melatonin Suppression Index, (2) the StarLight Index and (3) the Induced Photosynthesis Index. We show how such relationships combined with data acquisition from a LANcube positioned on the top of a car can be used to produce spectral indices maps of a whole city in a few hours. |
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Address |
Cégep de Sherbrooke, Département de Géomatique Appliquée, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1E 4K1, Canada; martin.aube ( at ) cegepsherbrooke.qc.ca |
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Publisher |
MDPI |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
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ISSN |
2072-4292 |
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IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
3304 |
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Author |
Kocifaj, M.; Bará, S. |
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Title |
Night-time monitoring of the aerosol content of the lower atmosphere by differential photometry of the anthropogenic skyglow |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
500 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
L47-L51 |
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Keywords |
Skyglow; radiative transfer; scattering; atmospheric effects; instrumentation; photometers; light pollution |
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Abstract |
Night-time monitoring of the aerosol content of the lower atmosphere is a challenging task, because appropriate reference natural light sources are lacking. Here, we show that the anthropogenic night-sky brightness due to city lights can be successfully used for estimating the aerosol optical depth of arbitrarily thick atmospheric layers. This method requires measuring the zenith night-sky brightness with two detectors located at the limiting layer altitudes. Combined with an estimate of the overall atmospheric optical depth (available from ground-based measurements or specific satellite products), the ratio of these radiances provides a direct estimate of the differential aerosol optical depth of the air column between these two altitudes. These measurements can be made with single-channel low-cost radiance detectors widely used by the light pollution research community. |
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Address |
Faculty of Mathematics, Physics, and Informatics, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia ICA, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 03 Bratislava, Slovakia; kocifaj ( at ) savba.sk |
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Oxford Academic |
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English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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ISSN |
1745-3925 |
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Call Number |
IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
3302 |
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Author |
Simoneau, A.; Aubé, M.; Leblanc, J.; Boucher, R.; Roby, J.; Lacharité, F. |
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Title |
PSFs for mapping artificial night sky luminance over large territories |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |
Abbreviated Journal |
MNRAS |
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Volume |
in press |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
Skyglow; light pollution; simulations; atmospheric effects; radiative transfer; numerical methods; site testing |
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Abstract |
Knowledge of the night sky radiance over a large territory may be valuable information to identify sites appropriate to astronomical observations or for asserting the impacts of artificial light at night on ecosystems. Measuring the sky radiance can be a complex endeavour depending on the desired temporal and spatial resolution. Similarly, modelling of artificial night sky radiance for multiple points of a territory can represent a significant amount of computing time depending on the complexity of the model used. We suggest performing modelling of
the sky radiance over large territories using the convolution of a transfer function determined with the radiative transfer model Illumina v2. The transfer functions are used as Point Spread Functions of single light sources over a complex light source geographical distributions. The main contributions of our work are to determine how the Point Spread Function is sensitive to the main driving parameters of the artificial night sky radiance such as the wavelength, the ground reflectance, the obstacles properties, the Upward Light Output Ratio and the Aerosol Optical Depth. The method is applied to the territory of the Mont-Mégantic International Dark Sky Reserve in Canada. We repeated the experiment for winter and summer conditions and compared the maps to the New world atlas of artificial night sky brightness, to different setup of the Illumina v2 model and to in situ Sky Quality Camera measurements. The typical errors associated with the method were evaluated. |
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Address |
Département de géomatique appliquée, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boul. de l’Université, Sherbrooke, J1K 2R1, Canada; martin.aube ( at ) cegepsherbrooke.qc.ca |
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Publisher |
Royal Astronomical Society |
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English |
Summary Language |
English |
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Call Number |
IDA @ john @ |
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3301 |
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