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Author |
Zielinska-Dabkowska, K.M. |
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Title |
Night in a big city. Light festivals as a creative medium used at night and their impact on the authority, significance and prestige of a city |
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Book Chapter |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
The Role of Cultural Institutions and Events in the Marketing of Cities and Regions |
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63–90 |
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Keywords |
Lighting; Society |
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Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego |
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Łódz, Poland |
Editor |
Domanski, T. |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2933 |
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Author |
Minnaar, C.; Boyles, J.G.; Minnaar, I.A.; Sole, C.L.; McKechnie, A.E.; McKenzie, A. |
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Title |
Stacking the odds: light pollution may shift the balance in an ancient predator-prey arms race |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Journal of Applied Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Appl Ecol |
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Volume |
52 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
522-531 |
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Keywords |
Ecology; animals; bats; insects; predation; Neoromicia capensis; moths; Cape serotine bat; co-evolution; eared moth; Lepidoptera; predator–prey interactions; prey selection |
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1. Artificial night lighting threatens to disrupt strongly conserved light-dependent processes in animals and may have cascading effects on ecosystems as species interactions become altered. Insectivorous bats and their prey have been involved in a nocturnal, co-evolutionary arms race for millions of years. Lights may interfere with anti-bat defensive behaviours in moths, and disrupt a complex and globally ubiquitous interaction between bats and insects, ultimately leading to detrimental consequences for ecosystems on a global scale.
2. We combined experimental and mathematical approaches to determine effects of light pollution on a free-living bat–insect community. We compared prey selection by Cape serotine bats Neoromicia capensis in naturally unlit and artificially lit conditions using a manipulative field experiment, and developed a probabilistic model based on a suite of prey-selection factors to explain differences in observed diet.
3.Moth consumption by N. capensis was low under unlit conditions (mean percentage volume ± SD: 5·91 ± 6·25%), while moth consumption increased sixfold (mean percentage volume ± SD: 35·42 ± 17·90%) under lit conditions despite a decrease in relative moth abundance. Predictive prey-selection models that included high-efficacy estimates for eared-moth defensive behaviour found most support given diet data for bats in unlit conditions. Conversely, models that estimated eared-moth defensive behaviour as absent or low found more support given diet data for bats in lit conditions. Our models therefore suggest the increase in moth consumption was a result of light-induced, decreased eared-moth defensive behaviour.
4. Policy implications. In the current context of unyielding growth in global light pollution, we predict that specialist moth-eating bats and eared moths will face ever-increasing challenges to survival through increased resource competition and predation risk, respectively. Lights should be developed to be less attractive to moths, with the goal of reducing effects on moth behaviour. Unfortunately, market preference for broad-spectrum lighting and possible effects on other taxa make development of moth-friendly lighting improbable. Mitigation should therefore focus on the reduction of temporal, spatial and luminance redundancy in outdoor lighting. Restriction of light inside nature reserves and urban greenbelts can help maintain dark refugia for moth-eating bats and moths, and may become important for their persistence. |
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Department of Zoology and Entomology, Mammal Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa |
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Wiley |
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English |
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0021-8901 |
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LoNNe @ christopher.kyba @; IDA @ john @ |
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1085 |
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Author |
Stone, E.L.; Harris, S.; Jones, G. |
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Title |
Impacts of artificial lighting on bats: a review of challenges and solutions |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde |
Abbreviated Journal |
Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde |
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Animals; bats |
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Light pollution is a major emerging issue in biodiversity conservation, and has important implications for policy development and strategic planning. Although research is now addressing the negative impacts of anthropogenic noise on biota, less attention has been paid to the effects of light pollution. Changes in lighting technology have led to a diverse range of emerging low energy light types and a trend towards the increased use of white light. Light pollution affects ecological interactions across a range of taxa and has adverse effects on behaviours such as foraging, reproduction and communication. Almost a quarter of bat species globally are threatened and the key underlying threat to populations is pressure on resources from increasing human populations. Being nocturnal, bats are among the taxa most likely to be affected by light pollution. In this paper we provide an overview of the current trends in artificial lighting followed by a review of the current evidence of the impacts of lighting on bat behaviour, particularly foraging, commuting, emergence, roosting and hibernation. We discuss taxon-specific effects and potential cumulative ecosystem level impacts. We conclude by summarising some potential strategies to minimise the impacts of lighting on bats and identify key gaps in knowledge and priority areas for future research. |
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1616-5047 |
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LoNNe @ christopher.kyba @ |
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1112 |
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Author |
Sánchez, S. F.; Aceituno, J.; Thiele, U.; Pérez-RamÃrez, D.; Alves, J. |
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Title |
The Night Sky at the Calar Alto Observatory |
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Journal Article |
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2007 |
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Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific |
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Publ Astron Soc Pac |
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119 |
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860 |
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1186-1200 |
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Skyglow, Darkness |
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0004-6280 |
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LoNNe @ christopher.kyba @ |
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1131 |
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Author |
Bará, S. |
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Title |
Naked-eye astronomy: optics of the starry night skies |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Proc. SPIE 9289, 12th Education and Training in Optics and Photonics Conference, 2014 |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. SPIE 9289 |
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9289 |
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Keywords |
Society; light pollution |
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The world at night offers a wealth of stimuli and opportunities as a resource for Optics education, at all age levels and from any (formal, non formal or informal) perspective. The starry sky and the urban nightscape provide a unique combination of pointlike sources with extremely different emission spectra and brightness levels on a generally darker, locally homogeneous background. This fact, combined with the particular characteristics of the human visual system under mesopic and scotopic conditions, provides a perfect setting for experiencing first-hand different optical phenomena of increasing levels of complexity: from the eye's point spread function to the luminance contrast threshold for source detection, from basic diffraction patterns to the intricate irradiance fluctuations due to atmospheric turbulence. Looking at the nightscape is also a perfect occasion to raise awareness on the increasing levels of light pollution associated to the misuse of public and private artificial light at night, to promote a sustainable use of lighting, and to take part in worldwide citizen science campaigns. Last but not least, night sky observing activities can be planned and developed following a very flexible schedule, allowing individual students to carry them out from home and sharing the results in the classroom as well as organizing social events and night star parties with the active engagement of families and groups of the local community. This contribution describes these possibilities and introduces some of the free resources available to put them in practice. |
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Univ. de Santiago de Compostela, Spain; salva.bara@usc.es |
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SPIE |
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English |
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English |
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IDA @ john @ |
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1134 |
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