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| Author |
Brüning, A.; Hölker, F.; Wolter, C. |
| Title |
Artificial light at night: implications for early life stages development in four temperate freshwater fish species |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Aquatic Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Aquat Sci |
| Volume |
73 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
143-152 |
| Keywords |
Ecology |
| Abstract |
Flora and fauna have both evolved under a natural cycle of light and dark. But especially in urban areas, the night is now increasingly disturbed by artificial light. Many traits and behaviours in fish are triggered by a circadian clock, for example hatching and swim bladder inflation, which predominantly take place at dusk or night. As lighting becomes brighter and extends farther into rural areas, the distinction between day and night becomes increasingly blurred. Therefore, the loss of diurnal trigger by artificial light at night was hypothesized having deleterious effects on these traits and impact fish reproduction. To assess these effects, eggs of four native freshwater fishes, Eurasian perch Perca fluviatilis, roach Rutilus rutilus, bleak Alburnus alburnus and chub Leuciscus cephalus, were incubated under two different light conditions: a photoperiod of 14 h light:10 h darkness (LD) and continuous illumination (LL). The time to hatch and swim bladder inflation was recorded. The species showed inconsistent reactions to the light treatments. In roach and bleak, the time to 50% hatch was longer in LL, whereas continuous lighting had an accelerating effect in chub. Incubation in LL elongated the hatching period in perch and roach and, in perch, the onset of darkness seemed to trigger hatching. The swim bladder inflation was significantly promoted by continuous light in chub and bleak but was not affected in roach. In conclusion, nocturnal artificial illumination could have an effect on hatching and initial swim bladder filling by masking the day–night-change and thereby diminish the trigger effect. However, the reactions were species specific and the increase in variation indicated a lack of diurnal triggering, whilst a general deleterious effect of artificial light at night has not been identified on early life stages. |
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1015-1621 |
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LoNNe @ christopher.kyba @ |
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477 |
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Eisenbeis, G. |
| Title |
Künstliches Licht und Insekten: eine vergleichende Studie in Rheinhessen |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Schriftenreihe Landespflege Naturschutz |
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67 |
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75-100 |
| Keywords |
Ecology; Animals |
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LoNNe @ christopher.kyba @ |
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481 |
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Roychowdhury, K.; Jones, S.; Arrowsmith, C.; Reinke, K. |
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Indian census using satellite images: Can DMSP-OLS data be used for small administrative regions? |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Urban Remote Sensing Event (JURSE), 2011 Joint |
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Pages |
153 - 156 |
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Remote Sensing; India; South Asia; DMSP; DMSP-OLS |
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India conducts its census every ten years. Census data is collected manually in India with enumerators visiting every household in the country. Being such a vast country (in terms of area) and with a population of more than 1 billion, manual data collection is a laborious and expensive process. In response, this paper proposes a surrogate census method using DMSP-OLS night-time images. The study focuses on smaller administrative regions such as sub-districts (or taluks as they are known in the country) in the state of Maharashtra. Models are proposed using selected census metrics, and mean and standard deviation of stable lights and brightness information as obtained from the satellite images. The adjusted r2 values range from 0.2 to 0.8 at 95% confidence interval, with the majority of the metrics being moderately correlated (with r2 between 0.4 and 0.7). Generally it was found that the observed lights and brightness of big rural settlements from DMSP-OLS images have the potential for predicting certain census metrics. However, unlike larger areas such as districts where DMSP-OLS night-time images adequately predict census metrics, at the sub-district level the results need to be supplemented and validated with other information sources such as survey reports. |
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LoNNe @ christopher.kyba @ |
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490 |
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Zamorano Calvo, J.; Sánchez de Miguel, A.; Pascual RamÃrez, S.; Gómez Castaño, J.; RamÃrez Moreta, P.; Challupner, P. |
| Title |
ISS nocturnal images as a scientific tool against Light Pollution |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Unpublished working paper submitted to NASA JSC Imaging Lab |
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Remote Sensing |
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The potential of the night pictures taken from the International Space Station (ISS) with a Nikon D3s digital camera to fight against light pollution is shown. A scientific analysis of ISS026-E-26493 RAW image of Madrid at night with techniques used by astronomers and cartographers is performed. We suggest an observational setup to obtain useful scientific information from the pictures including series of exposures and calibration frames. |
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LoNNe @ christopher.kyba @ |
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492 |
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Wright, K.P.J.; McHill, A.W.; Birks, B.R.; Griffin, B.R.; Rusterholz, T.; Chinoy, E.D. |
| Title |
Entrainment of the human circadian clock to the natural light-dark cycle |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Current Biology : CB |
Abbreviated Journal |
Curr Biol |
| Volume |
23 |
Issue |
16 |
Pages |
1554-1558 |
| Keywords |
Human Health; Adult; Circadian Clocks/*radiation effects; Female; Humans; *Lighting; Male; *Photoperiod; *Sunlight; Young Adult; Circadian Rhythm |
| Abstract |
The electric light is one of the most important human inventions. Sleep and other daily rhythms in physiology and behavior, however, evolved in the natural light-dark cycle [1], and electrical lighting is thought to have disrupted these rhythms. Yet how much the age of electrical lighting has altered the human circadian clock is unknown. Here we show that electrical lighting and the constructed environment is associated with reduced exposure to sunlight during the day, increased light exposure after sunset, and a delayed timing of the circadian clock as compared to a summer natural 14 hr 40 min:9 hr 20 min light-dark cycle camping. Furthermore, we find that after exposure to only natural light, the internal circadian clock synchronizes to solar time such that the beginning of the internal biological night occurs at sunset and the end of the internal biological night occurs before wake time just after sunrise. In addition, we find that later chronotypes show larger circadian advances when exposed to only natural light, making the timing of their internal clocks in relation to the light-dark cycle more similar to earlier chronotypes. These findings have important implications for understanding how modern light exposure patterns contribute to late sleep schedules and may disrupt sleep and circadian clocks. |
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Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309-0354, USA. kenneth.wright@colorado.edu |
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English |
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0960-9822 |
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PMID:23910656; PMCID:PMC4020279 |
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LoNNe @ christopher.kyba @ |
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505 |
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