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Author |
Amichai, E.; Kronfeld-Schor, N. |
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Title  |
Artificial Light at Night Promotes Activity Throughout the Night in Nesting Common Swifts (Apus apus) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Scientific Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sci Rep |
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Volume |
9 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
11052 |
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Keywords |
Animals |
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Abstract |
The use of artificial light at night (ALAN) is a rapidly expanding anthropogenic effect that transforms nightscapes throughout the world, causing light pollution that affects ecosystems in a myriad of ways. One of these is changing or shifting activity rhythms, largely synchronized by light cues. We used acoustic loggers to record and quantify activity patterns during the night of a diurnal bird – the common swift – in a nesting colony exposed to extremely intensive artificial illumination throughout the night at Jerusalem's Western Wall. We compared that to activity patterns at three other colonies exposed to none, medium, or medium-high ALAN. We found that in the lower-intensity ALAN colonies swifts ceased activity around sunset, later the more intense the lighting. At the Western Wall, however, swifts remained active throughout the night. This may have important implications for the birds' physiology, breeding cycle, and fitness, and may have cascading effects on their ecosystems. |
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School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel |
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2045-2322 |
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PMID:31363144 |
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Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2594 |
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Author |
Welbers, A.A.M.H.; van Dis, N.E.; Kolvoort, A.M.; Ouyang, J.; Visser, M.E.; Spoelstra, K.; Dominoni, D.M. |
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Title |
Artificial Light at Night Reduces Daily Energy Expenditure in Breeding Great Tits (Parus major) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Front. Ecol. Evol. |
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Volume |
5 |
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Keywords |
Animals |
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The ecological impact of artificial light at night (ALAN) is an increasingly recognized process that accompanies expanding urbanization. Yet, we have limited knowledge on the impact of ALAN on wild species, and on the potential to mitigate any negative effects by using different light sources and colors. In birds, effects of ALAN on activity levels are reported for several species and, hence, their daily energy expenditure (DEE) may be affected. DEE is a potent mediator of life-history trade-offs and fitness and thus an important aspect to consider when examining the potential long-term ecological effects of ALAN. Previous work has suggested that birds exposed to ALAN show higher levels of provisioning and nocturnal activity, suggesting that white ALAN increases DEE. Other factors regulating DEE, such as provisioning behavior and food availability, might also respond to ALAN and thus indirectly affect DEE. We tested the hypothesis that ALAN increases DEE using an experimental setup where four previously unlit transects were illuminated with either white, green, or red LED light, or left dark as a control treatment. This setup was replicated in eight locations across the Netherlands. We measured DEE of our focal species, the great tit (Parus major), using a novel doubly labeled water technique that uses breath rather than blood samples. Contrary to our expectations, birds feeding their offspring under white and green ALAN showed lower DEE compared to birds in the control dark treatment. Differences in chick provisioning activity did not explain this result, as neither visit rates nor daily activity timing was affected by light treatment. However, food availability under white and green light was much higher compared to red light and the dark control. This difference strongly suggests that the lower DEE under white and green ALAN sites is a consequence of higher food availability in these treatments. This result shows that there can be positive, indirect effects of ALAN for breeding song birds which may balance against the negative direct effects shown in previous studies. |
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2296-701X |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2460 |
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Author |
Dominoni, D.M.; Kjellberg Jensen, J.; de Jong, M.; Visser, M.E.; Spoelstra, K. |
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Title |
Artificial light at night, in interaction with spring temperature, modulates timing of reproduction in a passerine bird |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2019 |
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Ecological Applications : a Publication of the Ecological Society of America |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecol Appl |
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in press |
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Keywords |
Animals; Parus major; Alan; light pollution; phenology; timing of reproduction; urbanization |
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The ecological impact of artificial light at night (ALAN) on phenological events such as reproductive timing is increasingly recognized. In birds, previous experiments under controlled conditions showed that ALAN strongly advances gonadal growth, but effects on egg-laying date are less clear. In particular, effects of ALAN on timing of egg-laying are found to be year-dependent, suggesting an interaction with climatic conditions such as spring temperature, which is known have strong effects on the phenology of avian breeding. Thus, we hypothesized that ALAN and temperature interact to regulate timing of reproduction in wild birds. Field studies have suggested that sources of ALAN rich in short wavelengths can lead to stronger advances in egg-laying date. We therefore tested this hypothesis in the great tit (Parus major), using a replicated experimental setup where eight previously unlit forest transects were illuminated with either white, green, or red LED light, or left dark as controls. We measured timing of egg-laying for 619 breeding events spread over six consecutive years and obtained temperature data for all sites and years. We detected overall significantly earlier egg-laying dates in the white and green light versus the dark treatment, and similar trends for red light. However, there was a strong inter-annual variability in mean egg-laying dates in all treatments, which was explained by spring temperature. We did not detect any fitness consequence of the changed timing of egg-laying due to ALAN, which suggests that advancing reproduction in response to ALAN might be adaptive. |
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Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands |
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1051-0761 |
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PMID:31863538 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2805 |
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Author |
Maggi, E.; Serôdio, J. |
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Title |
Artificial Light at Night: A New Challenge in Microphytobenthos Research |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
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Frontiers in Marine Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Front. Mar. Sci. |
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7 |
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Commentary; Plants |
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Abstract |
Artificial light at night (ALAN) has been recently recognized as a globally widespread anthropogenic disturbance, characterized by different intensities and spectra, as well as spatial and temporal variability. Among marine organisms, those living on coastal areas are particularly exposed to artificial light. Some recent studies anticipated a potential for influences of ALAN on microphytobenthos (MPB) on rocky shores, either direct or indirectly mediated by trophic relationships. Here we emphasize the need for further investigations in different habitats, as well as on synergistic interferences with other stressors already impinging on coastal areas. The study of effects of ALAN poses new challenges in MPB research, including those related to the use of instruments for measuring both the light environment and the functioning of microbial photoautotrophs at night, and to the development of common monitoring approaches and manipulative experiments. |
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2296-7745 |
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Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2935 |
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Author |
Brüning, A.; Hölker, F.; Wolter, C. |
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Title |
Artificial light at night: implications for early life stages development in four temperate freshwater fish species |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Aquatic Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Aquat Sci |
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Volume |
73 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
143-152 |
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Keywords |
Ecology |
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Abstract |
Flora and fauna have both evolved under a natural cycle of light and dark. But especially in urban areas, the night is now increasingly disturbed by artificial light. Many traits and behaviours in fish are triggered by a circadian clock, for example hatching and swim bladder inflation, which predominantly take place at dusk or night. As lighting becomes brighter and extends farther into rural areas, the distinction between day and night becomes increasingly blurred. Therefore, the loss of diurnal trigger by artificial light at night was hypothesized having deleterious effects on these traits and impact fish reproduction. To assess these effects, eggs of four native freshwater fishes, Eurasian perch Perca fluviatilis, roach Rutilus rutilus, bleak Alburnus alburnus and chub Leuciscus cephalus, were incubated under two different light conditions: a photoperiod of 14 h light:10 h darkness (LD) and continuous illumination (LL). The time to hatch and swim bladder inflation was recorded. The species showed inconsistent reactions to the light treatments. In roach and bleak, the time to 50% hatch was longer in LL, whereas continuous lighting had an accelerating effect in chub. Incubation in LL elongated the hatching period in perch and roach and, in perch, the onset of darkness seemed to trigger hatching. The swim bladder inflation was significantly promoted by continuous light in chub and bleak but was not affected in roach. In conclusion, nocturnal artificial illumination could have an effect on hatching and initial swim bladder filling by masking the day–night-change and thereby diminish the trigger effect. However, the reactions were species specific and the increase in variation indicated a lack of diurnal triggering, whilst a general deleterious effect of artificial light at night has not been identified on early life stages. |
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1015-1621 |
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LoNNe @ christopher.kyba @ |
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477 |
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