| Records |
| Author |
Fotios, S.; Gibbons, R. |
| Title |
Road lighting research for drivers and pedestrians: The basis of luminance and illuminance recommendations |
Type  |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Lighting Research & Technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Lighting Research & Technology |
| Volume |
50 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
154-186 |
| Keywords |
Security; Public Safety; Lighting; Review |
| Abstract |
This article discusses quantitative recommendations for road lighting as given in guidelines and standards, primarily, the amount of light. The discussion is framed according to the type of road user, the driver and the pedestrian, these being the user groups associated with major and minor roads, respectively. Presented first is a brief history of road lighting standards, from early to current versions, and, where known, the basis of these standards. Recommendations for the amount of light do not appear to be well-founded in robust empirical evidence, or at least do not tend to reveal the nature of any evidence. This suggests a need to reconsider recommended light levels, a need reinforced by recent developments in the science and technology of lighting and of lighting research. To enable improved recommendations, there is a need for further evidence of the effects of changes in lighting: This article therefore discusses the findings of investigations, which might be considered when developing new standards. |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1477-1535 |
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Approved |
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| Call Number |
LoNNe @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1790 |
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| Author |
Nelson, R.J.; DeVries, A.C. |
| Title |
Medical Hypothesis: Light at Night Is a Factor Worth Considering in Critical Care Units |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Advances in Integrative Medicine |
Abbreviated Journal |
Advances in Integrative Medicine |
| Volume |
4 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
115-120 |
| Keywords |
Human Health |
| Abstract |
Exposure to light at night is not an innocuous consequence of modernization. There are compelling data linking long-term exposure to occupational and environmental light at night with serious health conditions, including heart disease, obesity, diabetes, and cancer. However, far less is known about the physiological and behavioral effects of acute exposure to light at night. Among healthy volunteers, acute night-time light exposure increases systolic blood pressure and inflammatory markers in the blood, and impairs glucose regulation. Whether critically ill patients in a hospital setting experience the same physiological shifts in response to evening light exposure is not known. This paper reviews the available data on light at night effects on health and wellbeing, and argues that the data are sufficiently compelling to warrant studies of how lighting in intensive care units may be influencing patient recovery. |
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| ISSN |
2212-9588 |
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no |
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LoNNe @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1794 |
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| Author |
Bagan, H.; Borjigin, H.; Yamagata, Y. |
| Title |
Assessing nighttime lights for mapping the urban areas of 50 cities across the globe |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science |
| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
2399808317752926 |
| Keywords |
Remote Sensing |
| Abstract |
Nighttime data from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program Operational Linescan System have been widely used to map urban/built-up areas (hereafter referred to as “built-up area”), but to date there has not been a geographically comprehensive evaluation of the effectiveness of using nighttime lights data to map urban areas. We created accurate, convenient, and scalable grid cells based on Defense Meteorological Satellite Program/Operational Linescan System nighttime light pixels. We then calculated the density of Landsat-derived built-up areas within each grid cell. We explored the relationship between Defense Meteorological Satellite Program/Operational Linescan System nighttime lights data and the density of built-up areas to assess the utility of nighttime lights for mapping urban areas in 50 cities across the globe. We found that the brightness of nighttime lights was only in moderate agreement with the density of built-up areas; moreover, correlations between nighttime lights and Landsat-derived built-up areas were weak. Even in relatively sparsely populated urban regions (where the density of the built-up area is less than 20%), the highest correlation coefficient (R2) was only 0.4. Furthermore, nighttime lights showed lighted areas that extended beyond the area of large cities, and nighttime lights reduced the area of small cities. The results suggest that it is difficult to use the regression model to calibrate the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program/Operational Linescan System nighttime lights to fit urban built up areas. |
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| ISSN |
2399-8083 |
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no |
| Call Number |
LoNNe @ kyba @; GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1795 |
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| Author |
Bará, S. |
| Title |
Variations on a classical theme: On the formal relationship between magnitudes per square arcsecond and luminance |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
International Journal of Sustainable Lighting |
Abbreviated Journal |
Intl J of Sustainable Lighting |
| Volume |
19 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
77 |
| Keywords |
Instrumentation; skyglow; luminance; magnitude; sky brigthness; photometry |
| Abstract |
The formal link between magnitudes per square arcsecond and luminance is discussed in this paper. Directly related to the human visual system, luminance is defined in terms of the spectral radiance of the source, weighted by the CIE V(l) luminous efficiency function, and scaled by the 683 lm/W luminous efficacy constant. In consequence, any exact and spectrum-independent relationship between luminance and magnitudes per square arcsecond requires that the last ones be measured precisely in the CIE V(l) band. The luminance value corresponding to mVC=0 (zero-point of the CIE V(l) magnitude scale) depends on the reference source chosen for the definition of the magnitude system. Using absolute AB magnitudes, the zero point luminance of the CIE V(l) photometric band is 10.96 x 104 cd·m-2. |
| Address |
Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain; salva.bara(at)usc.es |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
2586-1247 |
ISBN |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
2162 |
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| Author |
Bará, S.; Escofet, J. |
| Title |
On lamps, walls, and eyes: The spectral radiance field and the evaluation of light pollution indoors |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer |
Abbreviated Journal |
J of Quant Spect and Rad Trans |
| Volume |
205 |
Issue |
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Pages |
267-277 |
| Keywords |
Instrumentation; Light pollution; Artificial light at night; Light field; Radiance field; Radiometry; Photometry |
| Abstract |
Light plays a key role in the regulation of different physiological processes, through several visual and non-visual retinal phototransduction channels whose basic features are being unveiled by recent research. The growing body of evidence on the significance of these effects has sparked a renewed interest in the determination of the light field at the entrance pupil of the eye in indoor spaces. Since photic interactions are strongly wavelength-dependent, a significant effort is being devoted to assess the relative merits of the spectra of the different types of light sources available for use at home and in the workplace. The spectral content of the light reaching the observer eyes in indoor spaces, however, does not depend exclusively on the sources: it is partially modulated by the spectral reflectance of the walls and surrounding surfaces, through the multiple reflections of the light beams along all possible paths from the source to the observer. This modulation can modify significantly the non-visual photic inputs that would be produced by the lamps alone, and opens the way for controlling—to a certain extent—the subject's exposure to different regions of the optical spectrum. In this work we evaluate the expected magnitude of this effect and we show that, for factorizable sources, the spectral modulation can be conveniently described in terms of a set of effective filter-like functions that provide useful insights for lighting design and light pollution assessment. The radiance field also provides a suitable bridge between indoor and outdoor light pollution studies. |
| Address |
Área de Óptica, Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain; salva.bara(at)usc.es |
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| Publisher |
Elsevier |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0022-4073 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
2163 |
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