| Records |
| Author |
Gaston, K.J.; Duffy, J.P.; Gaston, S.; Bennie, J.; Davies, T.W. |
| Title |
Human alteration of natural light cycles: causes and ecological consequences |
Type  |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Oecologia |
Abbreviated Journal |
Oecologia |
| Volume |
176 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
917-931 |
| Keywords |
Ecology; Day; Diurnal; Night; Nocturnal; Skyglow; Review |
| Abstract |
Artificial light at night is profoundly altering natural light cycles, particularly as perceived by many organisms, over extensive areas of the globe. This alteration comprises the introduction of light at night at places and times at which it has not previously occurred, and with different spectral signatures. Given the long geological periods for which light cycles have previously been consistent, this constitutes a novel environmental pressure, and one for which there is evidence for biological effects that span from molecular to community level. Here we provide a synthesis of understanding of the form and extent of this alteration, some of the key consequences for terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, interactions and synergies with other anthropogenic pressures on the environment, major uncertainties, and future prospects and management options. This constitutes a compelling example of the need for a thoroughly interdisciplinary approach to understanding and managing the impact of one particular anthropogenic pressure. The former requires insights that span molecular biology to ecosystem ecology, and the latter contributions of biologists, policy makers and engineers. |
| Address |
Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK, k.j.gaston@exeter.ac.uk |
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English |
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0029-8549 |
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PMID:25239105 |
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IDA @ john @ |
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371 |
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| Author |
Shillo, R., & Halevy, A. H. |
| Title |
Interaction of photoperiod and temperature in flowering-control of Gypsophila paniculata L |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1982 |
Publication |
Scientia Horticulturae |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
16 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
385-393 |
| Keywords |
Plants |
| Abstract |
Long day promotes flowering of Gysophila paniculata L cultivar ‘Bristol Fairy’. Repeated treatments with GA3 or GA4 + 7 in short days did not promote flowering. The long photoperiod is effective only at relatively high temperatures. At night temperatures below 12°C, the plants remain vegetative even in long days. Efficient artificial lighting is from incandescent lamps at 60–100 lux. Fluorescent lighting (Cool-White) is not effective. Lighting of 4 hours as a night-break or at the end of the night were equally effective, but 4 hours lighting as a day-extension was less effective. Whole-night lighting promoted flowering more than any of the 4-hour lighting regimes. Cyclic lighting of one third light in each cycle promoted flowering to the same extent as continuous lighting. Light intensity during the day has a decisive effect on flower production. |
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IDA @ intern @ |
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2370 |
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| Author |
Johnson, A.; Phadke, A.; de la Rue du Cann, S. |
| Title |
Energy Savings Potential for Street Lighting in India |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Lawrence Berkely National Laboratory report |
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Energy; India; South Asia |
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LoNNe @ christopher.kyba @ |
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432 |
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| Author |
Lyytimäki, J. |
| Title |
Nature's nocturnal services: Light pollution as a non-recognised challenge for ecosystem services research and management |
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Journal Article |
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2013 |
Publication |
Ecosystem Services |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecosystem Services |
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3 |
Issue |
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Pages |
e44-e48 |
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Economics; Ecosystem disservices; Ecosystem services; Environmental management; Light pollution; Scotoecology; Shifting baselines |
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Research focusing on ecosystem services has tackled several of the major drivers of environmental degradation, but it suffers from a blind spot related to light pollution. Light pollution caused by artificial night-time lighting is a global environmental change affecting terrestrial, coastal and marine ecosystems. The long-term effects of the disruption of the natural cycles of light and dark on ecosystem functioning and ecosystem services are largely unknown. Even though additional research is clearly needed, identifying, developing and implementing stringent management actions aimed at reducing inadequately installed, unnecessary or excessive lighting are well justified. This essay argues that management is hampered, because ecosystem services from nocturnal nature are increasingly underappreciated by the public due to shifting baseline syndrome, making most people accustomed to constantly illuminated and light-polluted night environments. Increased attention from scientists, managers and the public is needed in order to explicate the best options for preserving the benefits from natural darkness. |
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2212-0416 |
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LoNNe @ christopher.kyba @ |
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433 |
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| Author |
Morrow, E.N.; Hutton, S.A. |
| Title |
The Chicago Alley Lighting Project: Final Evaluation Report |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Illinois Criminal Justice Information Authority |
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Public Safety |
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Begun in October of 1998, the first part of the plan sought to upgrade and improve the city's 175,000 streetlights, which illuminate the arterial and residential streets. The second part of the plan involved repairing and upgrading the lighting in and around viaducts and Chicago Transit Authority stations. The final part of the plan has been to boost lighting levels in alleys across the city as a tool for public safety and fighting crime. In the past, 90-watt lights illuminated most city alleys; alley lighting levels have been increased by installing new fixtures that can accommodate 250-watt bulbs. The Illinois Criminal Justice Information Authority undertook an evaluation to assess the impact of increased alley lighting on crime rates in two eight-square-block areas, with emphasis on crimes that were most likely to have occurred in alleys. The evaluation first examined change in the experimental area that received increased alley lighting over a 1-year period prior to increased alley lighting and a 1-year period thereafter. Next, change over a 6-month period before and after increased alley lighting was examined for both the experimental area and the control area. The evaluation found that reported offenses increased between the 1-year preinstallation and 1-year postinstallation study period in the experimental area where alley lighting was improved. The evaluation also found that the experimental area experienced more notable increases in reported incidents over a 6-month preinstallation and 6-month postinstallation study period compared to the control area. The evaluation could not provide a definitive explanation of these findings. |
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LoNNe @ christopher.kyba @ |
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453 |
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