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Aceituno, J.; Sánchez, S.F.; Aceituno, F.J.; GaladÃ-EnrÃquez, D.; Negro, J.J.; Soriguer, R.C.; Gomez, G.S. |
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Title |
An All-Sky Transmission Monitor: ASTMON |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific |
Abbreviated Journal |
Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific |
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Volume |
123 |
Issue |
907 |
Pages |
1076-1086 |
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Keywords |
monitoring; light at night; light pollution; skyglow |
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Abstract |
We present here the All-Sky Transmission Monitor (ASTMON), designed to perform a continuous monitoring of the surface brightness of the complete night sky in several bands. The data acquired are used to derive, in addition, a subsequent map of the multiband atmospheric extinction at any location in the sky and a map of the cloud coverage. The instrument has been manufactured to withstand extreme weather conditions and to remain operative. Designed to be fully robotic, it is ideal to be installed outdoors as a permanent monitoring station. The preliminary results based on two of the currently operative units (at Doñana National Park, Huelva, and at the Calar Alto Observatory, AlmerÃa, Spain) are presented here. The parameters derived using ASTMON are in good agreement with those previously reported, which illustrates the validity of the design and the accuracy of the manufacturing. The information provided by this instrument will be presented in forthcoming articles, once we have accumulated a statistically significant amount of data. |
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0004-6280 |
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IDA @ john @ |
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195 |
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Author |
Fonken, L.K.; Nelson, R.J. |
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Title |
Illuminating the deleterious effects of light at night |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
F1000 Medicine Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
F1000 Med Rep |
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3 |
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18 |
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Keywords |
Human Health; light at night; artificial light; circadian disruption; Review |
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Abstract |
Technological advances, while providing many benefits, often create circumstances that differ from the conditions in which we evolved. With the wide-spread adoption of electrical lighting during the 20(th) century, humans became exposed to bright and unnatural light at night for the first time in their evolutionary history. Electrical lighting has led to the wide-scale practice of 24-hour shift-work and has meant that what were once just “daytime” activities now run throughout the night; in many ways Western society now functions on a 24-hour schedule. Recent research suggests that this gain in freedom to function throughout the night may also come with significant repercussions. Disruption of our naturally evolved light and dark cycles can result in a wide range of physiological and behavioral changes with potentially serious medical implications. In this article we will discuss several mechanisms through which light at night may exert its effects on cancer, mood, and obesity, as well as potential ways to ameliorate the impact of light at night. |
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Department of Neuroscience and The Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA |
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English |
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1757-5931 |
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PMID:21941596; PMCID:PMC3169904 |
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IDA @ john @ |
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241 |
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Lyytimäki, J.; Rinne, J. |
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Voices for the darkness: online survey on public perceptions on light pollution as an environmental problem |
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Journal Article |
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2013 |
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Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences |
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10 |
Issue |
2 |
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127-139 |
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Keywords |
environmental management; light pollution; public perceptions; survey; public policy |
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Light pollution is increasingly affecting ecosystems and human health. We present results from an online survey aimed to chart what aspects of lighting are considered harmful and how light pollution is perceived by the public. We focus on affluent societies by using Finland as an example of a northern industrialised country. The survey generated 2053 responses, particularly from well-educated urban persons living in residential areas and interested in astronomy or environmental issues. The results show that the lighting of residential areas and lighting serving traffic are considered the most common sources of light pollution while commercial lighting is perceived as the most annoying form of light use. Respondents commonly considered light pollution as a disturbance for outdoor recreation and relaxation. The results suggest that the ecological and health effects of light pollution emphasised by the research are poorly known by the people emphasising the aesthetic aspects. The results indicate relatively wide but passive acceptance for policy measures aimed at reducing light pollution. |
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1943-815X |
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IDA @ john @ |
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248 |
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Author |
Kocifaj, M.; Aubé, M.; Kohút, I. |
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Title |
The effect of spatial and spectral heterogeneity of ground-based light sources on night-sky radiances: Light pollution for heterogeneous sources |
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Journal Article |
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2010 |
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Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |
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409 |
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3 |
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1203-1212 |
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Keywords |
light pollution; scattering; atmospheric effects; methods: numerical |
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Nowadays, light pollution is a permanent problem at many observatories around the world. Elimination of excessive lighting during the night is not only about reduction of the total luminous power of ground-based light sources, but also involves experimenting with the spectral features of single lamps. Astronomical photometry is typically made at specific wavelengths, and thus the analysis of the spectral effects of light pollution is highly important. Nevertheless, studies on the spectral behaviour of night light are quite rare. Instead, broad-band or integral quantities (such as sky luminance) are preferentially measured and modelled. The knowledge of night-light spectra is necessary for the proper interpretation of narrow-band photometry data. In this paper, the night-sky radiances in the nominal spectral lines of the B (445 nm) and V (551 nm) filters are determined numerically under clear-sky conditions. Simultaneously, the corresponding sky-luminance patterns are computed and compared against the spectral radiances. It is shown that spectra, patterns and distances of the most important light sources (towns) surrounding an observatory are essential for determining the light pollution levels. In addition, the optical characteristics of the local atmosphere can change the angular behaviour of the sky radiance or luminance. All these effects are evaluated for two Slovakian observatories: Stará Lesná and Vartovka. |
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0035-8711 |
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IDA @ john @ |
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259 |
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Author |
Duriscoe, D.M.; Luginbuhl, C.B.; Elvidge, C.D. |
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Title |
The relation of outdoor lighting characteristics to sky glow from distant cities |
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Journal Article |
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2014 |
Publication |
Lighting Research and Technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Lighting Research and Technology |
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Volume |
46 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
35-49 |
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Keywords |
measurements; light pollution; light at night; Suomi NPP; satellite; remote sensing; VIIRS |
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Five cities in the southwest United States were selected for an analysis of the impact of outdoor lighting practices on nighttime sky glow as observed from distances of 8–67 km. Data from the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) satellite visible infrared imaging radiometer suite day/night band were used to identify light sources for input to an atmospheric sky glow model. Total lumens of outdoor lighting were estimated by matching modelled to observed anthropogenic sky luminance at ground locations. The results of two conservative treatments were then modelled for each city: all outdoor luminaires fully shielded with the current lumen amount, and fully shielded luminaires with a lumen amount scaled to 2075 lm/capita, matching Flagstaff, Arizona. The results indicate 42–88% reductions in average all-sky glow utilizing these ‘best practices’ for environmental conservation. |
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U.S. National Park Service Night Skies Program, Bishop, CA, USA |
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Sage |
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Engligh |
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1477-1535 |
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IDA @ john @ |
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268 |
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