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Jechow, A.; Kolláth, Z.; Ribas, S.J.; Spoelstra, H.; Hölker, F.; Kyba, C.C.M. |
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Title |
Imaging and mapping the impact of clouds on skyglow with all-sky photometry |
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Journal Article |
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2017 |
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Scientific Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sci Rep |
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7 |
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1 |
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Article number 6741 |
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Skyglow |
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Abstract |
Artificial skyglow is constantly growing on a global scale, with potential ecological consequences ranging up to affecting biodiversity. To understand these consequences, worldwide mapping of skyglow for all weather conditions is urgently required. In particular, the amplification of skyglow by clouds needs to be studied, as clouds can extend the reach of skyglow into remote areas not affected by light pollution on clear nights. Here we use commercial digital single lens reflex cameras with fisheye lenses for all-sky photometry. We track the reach of skyglow from a peri-urban into a remote area on a clear and a partly cloudy night by performing transects from the Spanish town of Balaguer towards Montsec Astronomical Park. From one single all-sky image, we extract zenith luminance, horizontal and scalar illuminance. While zenith luminance reaches near-natural levels at 5 km distance from the town on the clear night, similar levels are only reached at 27 km on the partly cloudy night. Our results show the dramatic increase of the reach of skyglow even for moderate cloud coverage at this site. The powerful and easy-to-use method promises to be widely applicable for studies of ecological light pollution on a global scale also by non-specialists in photometry. |
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2045-2322 |
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LoNNe @ kyba @ |
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1691 |
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Raap, T.; Pinxten, R.; Eens, M. |
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Title |
Rigorous field experiments are essential to understand the genuine severity of light pollution and to identify possible solutions |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Global Change Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Glob Chang Biol |
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23 |
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12 |
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5024-5026 |
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commentary; animals |
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Ouyang et al. (2017; hereafter O2017) claim to have offered evidence that light pollution affects the health of free-living great tits (Parus major). Since 2012, they illuminated forests with either white, green, red or no artificial light at night (ALAN; Figure 1). Individuals in the white light treatment showed an increase in nightly activity in March 2014, which was linked to changes in health and physiology from March to May 2014. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. |
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Department of Biology, Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium |
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1354-1013 |
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PMID:28746741 |
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LoNNe @ kyba @ |
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1695 |
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Rydell, J.; Eklöf, J.; Sánchez-Navarro, S. |
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Age of enlightenment: long-term effects of outdoor aesthetic lights on bats in churches |
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Journal Article |
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2017 |
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Royal Society Open Science |
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R. Soc. open sci. |
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4 |
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8 |
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161077 |
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Animals |
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We surveyed 110 country churches in south-western Sweden for presence of brown long-eared bats Plecotus auritus in summer 2016 by visual inspection and/or evening emergence counts. Each church was also classified according to the presence and amount of aesthetic directional lights (flood-lights) aimed on its walls and tower from the outside. Sixty-one of the churches had previously been surveyed by one of us (J.R.) between 1980 and 1990, before lights were installed on Swedish churches, using the same methods. Churches with bat colonies had decreased significantly in frequency from 61% in 1980s to 38% by 2016. All abandoned churches had been fitted with flood-lights in the period between the two surveys. The loss of bat colonies from lit churches was highly significant and most obvious when lights were applied from all directions, leaving no dark corridor for the bats to leave and return to the roost. In contrast, in churches that were not lit, all of 13 bat colonies remained after 25+ years between the surveys. Lighting of churches and other historical buildings is a serious threat to the long-term survival and reproduction of light-averse bats such as Plecotus spp. and other slow-flying species. Bat roosts are strictly protected according to the EU Habitats Directive and the EUROBATS agreement. Lighting of buildings for aesthetic purposes is becoming a serious environmental issue, because important bat roosts are destroyed in large numbers, and the problem should be handled accordingly. As a start, installation of flood-lights on historical buildings should at least require an environmental impact assessment (EIA). |
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2054-5703 |
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LoNNe @ kyba @; GFZ @ kyba @ |
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1698 |
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White, A.J.; Weinberg, C.R.; Park, Y.-M.; D'Aloisio, A.A.; Vogtmann, E.; Nichols, H.B.; Sandler, D.P. |
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Title |
Sleep characteristics, light at night and breast cancer risk in a prospective cohort |
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Journal Article |
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2017 |
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International Journal of Cancer |
Abbreviated Journal |
Int J Cancer |
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141 |
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11 |
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2204-2214 |
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Human Health |
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Increasing numbers of women in the US are getting too little sleep. Inadequate sleep has been associated with impaired metabolic function and endocrine disruption. Sister Study cohort participants (n = 50,884), completed baseline and follow-up questionnaires on sleep patterns. Incident breast cancers estrogen receptor (ER) status of the tumor were ascertained from questionnaires and medical records. Cox regression was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Analyses of sleep characteristics reported at the first follow-up interview included only participants who were breast cancer-free at time of follow-up interview. Over approximately 7 years of follow-up, 2,736 breast cancer cases (invasive and ductal carcinoma in situ) were diagnosed. There was little evidence that usual sleep duration or other sleep characteristics were associated with breast cancer. However, relative to those with no difficulty sleeping, women who reported having difficulty sleeping >/= 4 nights a week were at an increased risk of overall (HR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.09-1.61) and postmenopausal breast cancer (HR = 1.51, 95% CI 1.24-1.85). Risk of ER+ invasive cancer was elevated for women who reported having a light or television on in the room while sleeping (HR = 1.20, 95% CI: 0.97-1.47) or who typically got less sleep than they needed to feel their best (HR = 1.21, 95% CI: 0.98-1.50). In our study, most sleep characteristics, including sleep duration, were not associated with an increased risk although higher risk was observed for some markers of inadequate or poor quality sleep. |
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Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC |
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0020-7136 |
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PMID:28791684 |
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LoNNe @ kyba @ |
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1708 |
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Hasler, B.P. |
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Commentary on Bedroom Light Exposure at Night and the Incidence of Depressive Symptoms: A Longitudinal Study of the HEIJOKYO Cohort (Obayashi et al) |
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Journal Article |
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2018 |
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American Journal of Epidemiology |
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187 |
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3 |
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435-438 |
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Commentary; Human Health |
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In modern society, we are increasingly disconnected from natural light/dark cycles and beset by round-the-clock exposure to artificial light. Light has powerful effects on physical and mental health, in part via the circadian system, and thus the timing of light exposure dictates whether it is helpful or harmful. In their compelling paper, Obayashi and colleagues offer evidence that light at night can prospectively predict an elevated incidence of depressive symptoms in older adults. Strengths of the study include the longitudinal design and direct, objective assessment of light levels, as well as accounting for multiple plausible confounders during analyses. Follow-up studies should address the study's limitations, including reliance on a global self-report of sleep quality and a two-night assessment of light exposure that may not reliably represent typical light exposure. In addition, experimental studies including physiological circadian measures will be necessary to determine if the light effects on depression are mediated through the circadian system or are so-called “direct†effects of light. In any case, these exciting findings could inform novel new approaches to preventing depressive disorders in older adults. |
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0002-9262 |
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LoNNe @ kyba @ |
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1716 |
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