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Mann, M.; Melaas, E.; Malik, A. |
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Title |
Using VIIRS Day/Night Band to Measure Electricity Supply Reliability: Preliminary Results from Maharashtra, India |
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2016 |
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Remote Sensing |
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Remote Sensing |
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8 |
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9 |
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711 |
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Remote Sensing; NPP-VIIRS; VIIRS-DNB; India; South Asia |
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Unreliable electricity supplies are common in developing countries and impose large socio-economic costs, yet precise information on electricity reliability is typically unavailable. This paper presents preliminary results from a machine-learning approach for using satellite imagery of nighttime lights to develop estimates of electricity reliability for western India at a finer spatial scale. We use data from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) onboard the Suomi National Polar Partnership (SNPP) satellite together with newly-available data from networked household voltage meters. Our results point to the possibilities of this approach as well as areas for refinement. With currently available training data, we find a limited ability to detect individual outages identified by household-level measurements of electricity voltage. This is likely due to the relatively small number of individual outages observed in our preliminary data. However, we find that the approach can estimate electricity reliability rates for individual locations fairly well, with the predicted versus actual regression yielding an R2 > 0.5. We also find that, despite the after midnight overpass time of the SNPP satellite, the reliability estimates derived are representative of daytime reliability. |
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2072-4292 |
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LoNNe @ kyba @ |
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1515 |
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Boyce, P.R.; Gutkowski, J.M. |
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The if, why and what of street lighting and street crime: A review |
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1995 |
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Lighting Research and Technology |
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Lighting Research and Technology |
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27 |
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2 |
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103-112 |
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Society; Safety |
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1477-1535 |
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LoNNe @ kagoburian @ |
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1009 |
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Ringwald, R.; Rönitzsch, H.; Riedel, M. |
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Praxishandbuch Öffentliche Beleuchtung – Wirtschaftlichkeit, Recht, Technik |
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2013 |
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1. Aufl. DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V., hrsg., Berlin Wien Zürich: Beuth Verlags GmbH. |
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1058 |
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Zielinska-Dabkowska, K.M. |
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Critical Perspectives On Media Architecture : Is It Still Possible To Design Projects Without Negatively Affecting Urban Nighttime Environments And Will The Future Remain Dynamic, Bright And Multi-Colored? |
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2014 |
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World Cities |
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101-108 |
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Planning, Design |
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Nowadays, due to advances in electrical devices, new digital media, lighting, in formation and communication technologies, cities are being used 24/7. The paper discusses critical aspects of Media Architecture in the context of public spaces as well as urban nighttime environments from the perspective of a practising lighting architect. The author examines recent issues of negative design approaches and presents proposals for improving future projects in the form of guiding principles. Additionally, to better illustrate the phenomenon, an attempt has been made to standardize terminology and to clarify the topic of Media Architecture in the context of artificial light used in the urban environment based on the author’s practical and theoretical research work in the field. |
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LoNNe @ christopher.kyba @ |
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1075 |
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Minnaar, C.; Boyles, J.G.; Minnaar, I.A.; Sole, C.L.; McKechnie, A.E.; McKenzie, A. |
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Stacking the odds: light pollution may shift the balance in an ancient predator-prey arms race |
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2014 |
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Journal of Applied Ecology |
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J Appl Ecol |
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52 |
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2 |
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522-531 |
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Ecology; animals; bats; insects; predation; Neoromicia capensis; moths; Cape serotine bat; co-evolution; eared moth; Lepidoptera; predator–prey interactions; prey selection |
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1. Artificial night lighting threatens to disrupt strongly conserved light-dependent processes in animals and may have cascading effects on ecosystems as species interactions become altered. Insectivorous bats and their prey have been involved in a nocturnal, co-evolutionary arms race for millions of years. Lights may interfere with anti-bat defensive behaviours in moths, and disrupt a complex and globally ubiquitous interaction between bats and insects, ultimately leading to detrimental consequences for ecosystems on a global scale.
2. We combined experimental and mathematical approaches to determine effects of light pollution on a free-living bat–insect community. We compared prey selection by Cape serotine bats Neoromicia capensis in naturally unlit and artificially lit conditions using a manipulative field experiment, and developed a probabilistic model based on a suite of prey-selection factors to explain differences in observed diet.
3.Moth consumption by N. capensis was low under unlit conditions (mean percentage volume ± SD: 5·91 ± 6·25%), while moth consumption increased sixfold (mean percentage volume ± SD: 35·42 ± 17·90%) under lit conditions despite a decrease in relative moth abundance. Predictive prey-selection models that included high-efficacy estimates for eared-moth defensive behaviour found most support given diet data for bats in unlit conditions. Conversely, models that estimated eared-moth defensive behaviour as absent or low found more support given diet data for bats in lit conditions. Our models therefore suggest the increase in moth consumption was a result of light-induced, decreased eared-moth defensive behaviour.
4. Policy implications. In the current context of unyielding growth in global light pollution, we predict that specialist moth-eating bats and eared moths will face ever-increasing challenges to survival through increased resource competition and predation risk, respectively. Lights should be developed to be less attractive to moths, with the goal of reducing effects on moth behaviour. Unfortunately, market preference for broad-spectrum lighting and possible effects on other taxa make development of moth-friendly lighting improbable. Mitigation should therefore focus on the reduction of temporal, spatial and luminance redundancy in outdoor lighting. Restriction of light inside nature reserves and urban greenbelts can help maintain dark refugia for moth-eating bats and moths, and may become important for their persistence. |
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Department of Zoology and Entomology, Mammal Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa |
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Wiley |
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English |
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0021-8901 |
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LoNNe @ christopher.kyba @; IDA @ john @ |
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1085 |
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