| Records |
| Author |
Czeisler, C.A. |
| Title |
Housing Immigrant Children – The Inhumanity of Constant Illumination |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
The New England Journal of Medicine |
Abbreviated Journal |
N Engl J Med |
Volume  |
379 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
e3 |
| Keywords |
Human Health; Commentary |
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| Address |
From the Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and the Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School – both in Boston |
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| Language |
English |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0028-4793 |
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| Notes |
PMID:29932841 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1942 |
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| Author |
Aubé, M. |
| Title |
Physical behaviour of anthropogenic light propagation into the nocturnal environment |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci |
| Volume |
370 |
Issue |
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Pages |
20140117 |
| Keywords |
Skyglow; artificial light at night; light pollution; radiative transfer; atmospheric effects; scattering; methods; numerical; sensitivity analysis |
| Abstract |
Propagation of artificial light at night (ALAN) in the environment is now known to have non negligible consequences on fauna, flora and human health. These consequences depend on light levels and their spectral power distributions, which in turn rely on the efficiency of various physical processes involved in the radiative transfer of this light into the atmosphere and its interactions with the built and natural environment. ALAN can affect the living organisms by direct lighting and indirect lighting (scattered by the sky and clouds and/or reflected by local surfaces). This paper mainly focuses on the behaviour of the indirect light scattered under clear sky conditions. Various interaction processes between anthropogenic light sources and the natural environment are discussed. This work mostly relies on a sensitivity analysis conducted with the light pollution radiative transfer model, Illumina (Aubé et al. 2005: Light pollution modelling and detection in a heterogeneous environment: toward a night-time aerosol optical depth retrieval method. In Proc. SPIE 2005, vol. 5890, San Diego, California, USA). More specifically, the impact of (i) the molecular and aerosol scattering and absorption, (ii) the second order of scattering, (iii) the topography and obstacle blocking, (iv) the ground reflectance and (v) the spectrum of light devices and their angular emission functions are examined. This analysis considers different behaviour as a function of the distance from the city centre, along with different zenith viewing angles in the principal plane. |
| Address |
Département de physique, Cégep de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada |
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| Publisher |
Royal Society |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Title |
The biological impacts of artificial light at night: from molecules to communities |
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no |
| Call Number |
IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
1115 |
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| Author |
Xavier Kerola, D. |
| Title |
Modelling artificial night-sky brightness with a polarized multiple scattering radiative transfer computer code: Modelling artificial night-sky brightness |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
365 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
1295-1299 |
| Keywords |
Skyglow; modeling; radiative transfer; Gauss-Seidel; light pollution; Garstang model |
| Abstract |
As part of an ongoing investigation of radiative effects produced by hazy atmospheres, computational procedures have been developed for use in determining the brightening of the night sky as a result of urban illumination. The downwardly and upwardly directed radiances of multiply scattered light from an offending metropolitan source are computed by a straightforward Gauss-Seidel (G-S) iterative technique applied directly to the integrated form of Chandrasekhar's vectorized radiative transfer equation. Initial benchmark night-sky brightness tests of the present G-S model using fully consistent optical emission and extinction input parameters yield very encouraging results when compared with the double scattering treatment of Garstang, the only full-fledged previously available model. |
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| ISSN |
0035-8711 |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
278 |
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| Author |
Shlesinger, T.; Loya, Y. |
| Title |
Breakdown in spawning synchrony: A silent threat to coral persistence |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
| Volume |
365 |
Issue |
6457 |
Pages |
1002-1007 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Coral |
| Abstract |
The impacts of human and natural disturbances on coral reefs are typically quantified through visible damage (e.g., reduced coral coverage as a result of bleaching events), but changes in environmental conditions may also cause damage in less visible ways. Despite the current paradigm, which suggests consistent, highly synchronized spawning events, corals that reproduce by broadcast spawning are particularly vulnerable because their reproductive phenology is governed by environmental cues. Here, we quantify coral spawning intensity during four annual reproductive seasons, alongside laboratory analyses at the polyp, colony, and population levels, and we demonstrate that, compared with historical data, several species from the Red Sea have lost their reproductive synchrony. Ultimately, such a synchrony breakdown reduces the probability of successful fertilization, leading to a dearth of new recruits, which may drive aging populations to extinction. |
| Address |
School of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel |
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English |
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| ISSN |
0036-8075 |
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| Notes |
PMID:31488683 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2673 |
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| Author |
Aboushelib, M.F.; Abozaid, A.A.; Nawar, S.; Hendy, Y.H.M.; Morcos, A.B. |
| Title |
Preliminary site selection for an observatory in the Egyptian Eastern Desert |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Astrophysics and Space Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Astrophys Space Sci |
| Volume |
364 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
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| Keywords |
Skyglow |
| Abstract |
This work aims for choosing preliminary sites that can be candidates for a new astronomical observatory that will replace the Kottamia observatory. The candidate sites have been selected to be investigated after proposing a few criteria. Concerning light pollution and elevation of the sites as the main factors, we chose the candidate sites depending on the zenith sky brightness and the elevation. The night sky brightness has been measured using a Sky Quality Meter at different altitude degrees and the values of the zenith sky brightness were compared to those of different observatory sites. Our night sky brightness observations were found to be in agreement with the satellite’s data and comparable to those of dark sites, with average values of 22.07, 22.03, 21.57 and 21.58 magSQM/arcsec2. We also have obtained the Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) and extinction coefficient due to the aerosol for the candidate sites using satellite data (Terra/MODIS). |
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| ISSN |
0004-640X |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2690 |
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