| Records |
| Author |
Skene, D.J.; Arendt, J. |
| Title |
Circadian rhythm sleep disorders in the blind and their treatment with melatonin |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Sleep Medicine |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sleep Med |
| Volume |
8 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
651-655 |
| Keywords |
Human Health; Blindness/*complications; Chronotherapy; Circadian Rhythm/drug effects; Humans; Melatonin/*administration & dosage; Sleep/drug effects; Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm/*drug therapy/*etiology; Treatment Outcome |
| Abstract |
People who are blind, in addition to having to cope with partial or no sight, have an added handicap; the transmission of ocular light from the retina to their circadian clock is impaired. At its worse, for example in people with both eyes enucleated, this lesion results in desynchronisation of the biological clock (located in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei) from the 24h day/night environment. While in a desynchronised state, symptoms akin to jet lag are experienced (e.g., daytime sleepiness, poor night sleep, reduced alertness and performance during waking). This is a lifelong condition. Daily administration of exogenous melatonin is the current treatment of choice for this so-called “non-24h sleep/wake disorder”. Melatonin has been shown to correct the underlying circadian rhythm abnormality as well as improve sleep and reduce daytime napping. The effectiveness of melatonin therapy depends upon its time of administration relative to the timing of the person's circadian clock. If practicable, assessment of an individual's circadian phase (by measurement of the endogenous melatonin rhythm in plasma, saliva or urine) is recommended prior to commencing treatment to optimise melatonin's effectiveness. |
| Address |
Centre for Chronobiology, School of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK. d.skene@surrey.ac.uk |
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English |
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| ISSN |
1389-9457 |
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| Notes |
PMID:17420154 |
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no |
| Call Number |
LoNNe @ kagoburian @ |
Serial |
811 |
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| Author |
Paul, M.A.; Love, R.J.; Hawton, A.; Brett, K.; McCreary, D.R.; Arendt, J. |
| Title |
Sleep deficits in the high Arctic summer in relation to light exposure and behaviour: use of melatonin as a countermeasure |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Sleep Medicine |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sleep Medicine |
| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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| Keywords |
Human Health; Sleep |
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1389-9457 |
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no |
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LoNNe @ christopher.kyba @ |
Serial |
1093 |
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| Author |
Middleton, B.; Arendt, J.; Stone, BM |
| Title |
Human circadian rhythms in constant dim light (8 lux) with knowledge of clock time |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Journal of Sleep Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Sleep Res. |
| Volume |
5 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
69-76 |
| Keywords |
Human Health; circadian rhythm; light/dark cycle; melatonin; entrainment; melatonin levels; 6-sulphatoxymelatonin |
| Abstract |
The light/dark (L/D) cycle is a major synchronizer of human circadian rhythms. In the absence of a strong L/D cycle, synchrony with 24 hours can nevertheless be maintained in a socially structured environment, as shown in Polar regions (Broadway et al. 1987) and by some blind subjects (Czeisler et al. 1995a). The relative contribution of other time cues to entrainment in dim light has not been fully explored. The present study investigated the behaviour of melatonin (assessed as 6-sulphatoxymelatonin); rectal temperature; activity and sleep (actigraphy and logs) in constant dim light (L/ L) with access to a digital clock. 6 normal healthy males were maintained as a group in partial temporal isolation with attenuated sound and ambient temperature for 21 days. All 6 subjects showed free-running periodicity for 6-sulphatoxymelatonin and 5/6 subjects for temperature, activity and sleep offset. The average period (tau) was 24.26 +/- 0.049, substantially shorter than in previous experiments with a self selected L/D cycle but similar to a recent study conducted in very dim light. One subject maintained a rigid sleep/wake cycle throughout whilst his 6-sulphatoxymelatonin rhythm free-ran. Total sleep time, from actigraph data, did not change but sleep efficiency decreased during the experiment. The subjects did not show group synchronization. These results confirm previous data indicating the importance of the L/D cycle in human entrainment and underline the lesser role of social cues and knowledge of clock time. This particular approach will permit the administration of timed medication to sighted humans under free-running conditions. |
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Wiley |
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no |
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IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
1098 |
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| Author |
Crowley, S.J.; Suh, C.; Molina, T.A.; Fogg, L.F.; Sharkey, K.M.; Carskadon, M.A. |
| Title |
Estimating the dim light melatonin onset of adolescents within a 6-h sampling window: the impact of sampling rate and threshold method |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Sleep Medicine |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sleep Medicine |
| Volume |
20 |
Issue |
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Pages |
59-66 |
| Keywords |
Human Health |
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1389-9457 |
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no |
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LoNNe @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1324 |
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| Author |
WDS Killgore |
| Title |
Lighting the Way to Better Sleep and Health |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Journal of Sleep Disorders: Treatment and Care |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Sleep Disor: Treat Care |
| Volume |
05 |
Issue |
01 |
Pages |
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| Keywords |
Health; Editorial |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
2325-9639 |
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no |
| Call Number |
LoNNe @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1442 |
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