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Aulsebrook, A.E.; Connelly, F.; Johnsson, R.D.; Jones, T.M.; Mulder, R.A.; Hall, M.L.; Vyssotski, A.L.; Lesku, J.A. |
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Title |
White and Amber Light at Night Disrupt Sleep Physiology in Birds |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Current Biology : CB |
Abbreviated Journal |
Curr Biol |
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Volume |
in press |
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Keywords |
Animals; anthropogenic; avian; blue light; circadian rhythms; electroencephalogram; light pollution; light spectra; sleep homeostasis; slow wave sleep; urbanization |
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Abstract |
Artificial light at night can disrupt sleep in humans [1-4] and other animals [5-10]. A key mechanism for light to affect sleep is via non-visual photoreceptors that are most sensitive to short-wavelength (blue) light [11]. To minimize effects of artificial light on sleep, many electronic devices shift from white (blue-rich) to amber (blue-reduced) light in the evening. Switching outdoor lighting from white to amber might also benefit wildlife [12]. However, whether these two colors of light affect sleep similarly in different animals remains poorly understood. Here we show, by measuring brain activity, that both white and amber lighting disrupt sleep in birds but that the magnitude of these effects differs between species. When experimentally exposed to light at night at intensities typical of urban areas, domestic pigeons (Columba livia) and wild-caught Australian magpies (Cracticus tibicen tyrannica) slept less, favored non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep over REM sleep, slept less intensely, and had more fragmented sleep compared to when lights were switched off. In pigeons, these disruptive effects on sleep were similar for white and amber lighting. For magpies, however, amber light had less impact on sleep. Our results demonstrate that amber lighting can minimize sleep disruption in some birds but that this benefit may not be universal. |
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School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia |
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0960-9822 |
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PMID:32707063 |
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no |
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Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
3080 |
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Author |
Aulsebrook, A.E.; Johnsson, R.D.; Lesku, J.A. |
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Title |
Light, Sleep and Performance in Diurnal Birds |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Clocks & Sleep |
Abbreviated Journal |
Clocks & Sleep |
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Volume |
3 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
115-131 |
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Keywords |
Review; Animals |
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Abstract |
Sleep has a multitude of benefits and is generally considered necessary for optimal performance. Disruption of sleep by extended photoperiods, moonlight and artificial light could therefore impair performance in humans and non-human animals alike. Here, we review the evidence for effects of light on sleep and subsequent performance in birds. There is accumulating evidence that exposure to natural and artificial sources of light regulates and suppresses sleep in diurnal birds. Sleep also benefits avian cognitive performance, including during early development. Nevertheless, multiple studies suggest that light can prolong wakefulness in birds without impairing performance. Although there is still limited research on this topic, these results raise intriguing questions about the adaptive value of sleep. Further research into the links between light, sleep and performance, including the underlying mechanisms and consequences for fitness, could shed new light on sleep evolution and urban ecology. |
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2624-5175 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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3328 |
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Author |
Aulsebrook, A.E.; Jones, T.M.; Mulder, R.A.; Lesku, J.A. |
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Title |
Impacts of artificial light at night on sleep: A review and prospectus |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part A, Ecological and Integrative Physiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Zool A Ecol Integr Physiol |
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Volume |
329 |
Issue |
8-9 |
Pages |
409-418 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Human Activities; Review |
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Abstract |
Natural cycles of light and darkness govern the timing of most aspects of animal behavior and physiology. Artificial light at night (ALAN)-a recent and pervasive form of pollution-can mask natural photoperiodic cues and interfere with biological rhythms. One such rhythm vulnerable to perturbation is the sleep-wake cycle. ALAN may greatly influence sleep in humans and wildlife, particularly in animals that sleep predominantly at night. There has been some recent evidence for impacts of ALAN on sleep, but critical questions remain. Some of these can be addressed by adopting approaches already entrenched in sleep research. In this paper, we review the current evidence for impacts of ALAN on sleep, highlight gaps in our understanding, and suggest opportunities for future research. |
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La Trobe University, School of Life Sciences, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia |
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English |
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2471-5638 |
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Notes |
PMID:29869374 |
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Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
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1933 |
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Author |
Aulsebrook, A.E.; Jones, T.M.; Rattenborg, N.C.; Roth, T.C. 2nd; Lesku, J.A. |
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Title |
Sleep Ecophysiology: Integrating Neuroscience and Ecology |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Trends in Ecology & Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Trends Ecol Evol |
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Volume |
31 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
590-599 |
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Keywords |
Commentary; Physiology |
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Here, we propose an original approach to explain one of the great unresolved questions in animal biology: what is the function of sleep? Existing ecological and neurological approaches to this question have become roadblocks to an answer. Ecologists typically treat sleep as a simple behavior, instead of a heterogeneous neurophysiological state, while neuroscientists generally fail to appreciate the critical insights offered by the consideration of ecology and evolutionary history. Redressing these shortfalls requires cross-disciplinary integration. By bringing together aspects of behavioral ecology, evolution, and conservation with neurophysiology, we can achieve a more comprehensive understanding of sleep, including its implications for adaptive waking behavior and fitness. |
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La Trobe University, School of Life Sciences, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. Electronic address: j.lesku@latrobe.edu.au |
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0169-5347 |
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PMID:27262386 |
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no |
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Call Number |
LoNNe @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1462 |
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Author |
Aulsebrook, A.E.; Lesku, J.A.; Mulder, R.A.; Goymann, W.; Vyssotski, A.L.; Jones, T.M. |
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Title |
Streetlights Disrupt Night-Time Sleep in Urban Black Swans |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Front. Ecol. Evol. |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
Animals; accelerometry; artificial light at night; blue light; EEG; elecrophysiology; light pollution, light spectra; black swan; Cygnus atratus |
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Abstract |
Artificial light at night could have widespread and detrimental impacts on sleep. To reduce disruptive effects of artificial light on sleep in humans, most smartphones and computers now have software that reduces blue light emissions at night. Little is known about whether reducing blue light emissions from city lights could also benefit urban wildlife. We investigated the effects of blue-rich (white) and blue-reduced (amber) LED streetlights on accelerometry-defined rest, electrophysiologically-identified sleep, and plasma melatonin in a diurnal bird, the black swan (Cygnus atratus). Urban swans were exposed to 20 full nights of each lighting type in an outdoor, naturalistic environment. Contrary to our predictions, we found that night-time rest was similar during exposure to amber and white lights but decreased under amber lights compared with dark conditions. By recording brain activity in a subset of swans, we also demonstrated that resting birds were almost always asleep, so amber light also reduced sleep at night. We found no effect of light treatment on total (24 h) daily rest or plasma melatonin. Our study provides the first electrophysiologically-verified evidence for effects of streetlights on sleep in an urban animal, and furthermore suggests that reducing blue wavelengths of light might not mitigate these effects. |
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School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; aulsebrooka ( at ) gmail.com |
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Frontiers |
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English |
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English |
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2296-701X |
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Call Number |
IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
3386 |
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