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Bailey, L.A.; Brigham, R.M.; Bohn, S.J.; Boyles, J.G.; Smit, B. |
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Title |
An experimental test of the allotonic frequency hypothesis to isolate the effects of light pollution on bat prey selection |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Oecologia |
Abbreviated Journal |
Oecologia |
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Volume |
190 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
367–374 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Ecology; bats; moths; insects; mammals |
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Abstract |
Artificial lights may be altering interactions between bats and moth prey. According to the allotonic frequency hypothesis (AFH), eared moths are generally unavailable as prey for syntonic bats (i.e., bats that use echolocation frequencies between 20 and 50 kHz within the hearing range of eared moths) due to the moths' ability to detect syntonic bat echolocation. Syntonic bats therefore feed mainly on beetles, flies, true bugs, and non-eared moths. The AFH is expected to be violated around lights where eared moths are susceptible to exploitation by syntonic bats because moths' evasive strategies become less effective. The hypothesis has been tested to date almost exclusively in areas with permanent lighting, where the effects of lights on bat diets are confounded with other aspects of human habitat alteration. We undertook diet analysis in areas with short-term, localized artificial lighting to isolate the effects of artificial lighting and determine if syntonic and allotonic bats (i.e., bats that use echolocation frequencies outside the hearing range of eared moths) consumed more moths under conditions of artificial lights than in natural darkness. We found that syntonic bats increased their consumption of moth prey under experimentally lit conditions, likely owing to a reduction in the ability of eared moths to evade the bats. Eared moths may increase in diets of generalist syntonic bats foraging around artificial light sources, as opposed to allotonic species and syntonic species with a more specialized diet. |
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Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa. b.smit@ru.ac.za |
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English |
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0029-8549 |
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PMID:31139944 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2511 |
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Author |
Baird, E.; Fernandez, D.C.; Wcislo, W.T.; Warrant, E.J. |
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Title |
Flight control and landing precision in the nocturnal bee Megalopta is robust to large changes in light intensity |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Physiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Front. Physiol. |
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6 |
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Pages |
305 |
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Keywords |
animals; vision |
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1664-042X |
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LoNNe @ kyba @ |
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1289 |
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Author |
Baker, B.J.; Richardson, J.M.L. |
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Title |
The effect of artificial light on male breeding-season behaviour in green frogs,Rana clamitans melanota |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Canadian Journal of Zoology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Can. J. Zool. |
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Volume |
84 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
1528-1532 |
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Keywords |
animals; amphibians; frogs; green frogs; Rana clamitans melanota; Reproduction; reproductive strategies |
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Abstract |
Artificial night lighting (or ecological light pollution) is only now gaining attention as a source of long-term effects on the ecology of both diurnal and nocturnal animals. The limited data available clearly indicate that artificial light can affect physiology and behaviour of animals, leading to ecological consequences at the population, community, and ecosystem levels. Aquatic ecosystems may be particularly vulnerable to such effects, and nocturnally breeding animals such as frogs may be especially affected. To address this potential, we quantify the effects of artificial light on calling and movement behaviour in a rural population of male green frogs (Rana clamitans melanota (Rafinesque, 1820)) during the breeding season. When exposed to artificial light, frogs produced fewer advertisement calls and moved more frequently than under ambient light conditions. Results clearly demonstrate that male green frog behaviour is affected by the presence of artificial light in a manner that has the potential to reduce recruitment rates and thus affect population dynamics. |
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0008-4301 |
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IDA @ john @ |
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71 |
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Baker, G.C.; Dekker, R.W.R.J. |
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Title |
Lunar synchrony in the reproduction of the Moluccan Megapode Megapodius wallacei |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Ibis |
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142 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
382-388 |
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Keywords |
Moluccan Megapode; Megapodius wallacei; birds; nesting; reproduction; animals; *Moon |
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Abstract |
The Moluccan Megapode Megapodius wallacei uses heat generated by the sun to incubate its eggs. It buries the eggs deep in the sand of sun-exposed beaches and open sandy areas on islands in the Moluccas, Indonesia. The eggs are laid at night and left to incubate for two to three months without parental care. We present evidence that the Moluccan Megapode exhibits lunar synchrony in the timing of egg-laying, its spatial distribution of egg burrows and in its behaviour at communal nesting grounds. More Moluccan Megapodes visit the nesting grounds on bright nights than during the new moon. Data collected on the spatial distribution and depth of egg burrows also exhibit lunar periodicity. On moonlit nights, the birds excavate burrows in communal groups and spend longer at the nesting ground digging deeper burrows. Lunaphilia and lunar periodicity of reproduction are rarely documented in birds. We discuss possible explanations for these behaviours in the Moluccan Megapode. |
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0019-1019 |
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IDA @ john @ |
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52 |
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Author |
Baker, J. |
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Title |
Toad aggregations under street lamps |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1990 |
Publication |
British Herpetological Society Bulletin |
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Volume |
31 |
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Pages |
26–27 |
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Animals |
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LoNNe @ kagoburian @ |
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990 |
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