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Bará, S.; Tilve, V.; Nievas, M.; Sanchez de Miguel, A.; Zamorano, J. |
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Title |
Zernike power spectra of clear and cloudy light-polluted urban night skies |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Applied Optics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Opt. |
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Volume |
54 |
Issue |
13 |
Pages |
4120-4129 |
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Keywords |
Skyglow; artificial ligh at night; light pollution; Zernike; power spectrum; atmospheric optics; imaging systems; image analysis |
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Abstract |
The Zernike power spectra of the all-sky night brightness distributions of clear and cloudy nights are computed using a modal projection approach. The results obtained in the B, V and R Johnson-Cousins' photometric bands during a one-year campaign of observations at a light-polluted urban site show that these spectra can be described by simple power laws with exponents close to -3 for clear nights and -2 for cloudy ones. The second-moment matrices of the Zernike coefficients show relevant correlations between modes. The multiplicative role of the cloud cover, that contributes to a significant increase of the brightness of the urban night sky in comparison with the values obtained in clear nights, is described in the Zernike space. |
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Address |
Area de Optica, Dept. Fisica Aplicada. Facultade de Fisica / Facultade de Optica e OptometrÃa Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Campus Sur, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain; salva.bara@usc.es |
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Optical Society of America |
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English |
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English |
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IDA @ john @ |
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1156 |
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Author |
Barclay, J.L.; Husse, J.; Bode, B.; Naujokat, N.; Meyer-Kovac, J.; Schmid, S.M.; Lehnert, H.; Oster, H. |
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Title |
Circadian desynchrony promotes metabolic disruption in a mouse model of shiftwork |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
PloS one |
Abbreviated Journal |
PLoS One |
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Volume |
7 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
e37150 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Biological Clocks/*physiology; Circadian Rhythm/*physiology; Disease Models, Animal; Eating/genetics; Gene Expression Regulation; Liver/metabolism; Male; Mice; Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm/*metabolism/physiopathology; Suprachiasmatic Nucleus/*metabolism; Transcriptome |
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Abstract |
Shiftwork is associated with adverse metabolic pathophysiology, and the rising incidence of shiftwork in modern societies is thought to contribute to the worldwide increase in obesity and metabolic syndrome. The underlying mechanisms are largely unknown, but may involve direct physiological effects of nocturnal light exposure, or indirect consequences of perturbed endogenous circadian clocks. This study employs a two-week paradigm in mice to model the early molecular and physiological effects of shiftwork. Two weeks of timed sleep restriction has moderate effects on diurnal activity patterns, feeding behavior, and clock gene regulation in the circadian pacemaker of the suprachiasmatic nucleus. In contrast, microarray analyses reveal global disruption of diurnal liver transcriptome rhythms, enriched for pathways involved in glucose and lipid metabolism and correlating with first indications of altered metabolism. Although altered food timing itself is not sufficient to provoke these effects, stabilizing peripheral clocks by timed food access can restore molecular rhythms and metabolic function under sleep restriction conditions. This study suggests that peripheral circadian desynchrony marks an early event in the metabolic disruption associated with chronic shiftwork. Thus, strengthening the peripheral circadian system by minimizing food intake during night shifts may counteract the adverse physiological consequences frequently observed in human shift workers. |
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Max Planck Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, Gottingen, Germany |
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English |
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1932-6203 |
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PMID:22629359; PMCID:PMC3357388 |
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IDA @ john @ |
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94 |
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Author |
Barducci, A.; Marcoionni, P.; Pippi, I.; Poggesi, M. |
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Title |
Effects of light pollution revealed during a nocturnal aerial survey by two hyperspectral imagers |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Applied Optics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Opt. |
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Volume |
42 |
Issue |
21 |
Pages |
4349 |
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Keywords |
Remote Sensing |
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A remote-sensing campaign was performed in September 2001 at nighttime under clear-sky conditions before moonrise to assess the level of light pollution of urban and industrial origin. Two hyperspectral sensors, namely, the Multispectral Infrared and Visible Imaging Spectrometer and the Visible Infrared Scanner-200, which provide spectral coverage from the visible to the thermal infrared, were flown over the Tuscany coast (Italy) on board a Casa 212 airplane. The acquired images were processed to produce radiometrically calibrated data, which were then analyzed and compared with ground-based spectral measurements. Calibrated data acquired at high spectral resolution (∼2.5 nm) showed a maximum scene brightness almost of the same order of magnitude as that observed during similar daytime measurements, whereas their average luminosity was 3 orders of magnitude lower. The measurement analysis confirmed that artificial illumination hinders astronomical observations and produces noticeable effects even at great distances from the sources of the illumination. |
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0003-6935 |
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Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2438 |
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Author |
Barentine, J.C. |
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Title |
Going for the Gold : Quantifying and Ranking Visual Night Sky Quality in International Dark Sky Places |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
International Journal of Sustainable Lighting |
Abbreviated Journal |
IJSL |
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18 |
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9-15 |
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Keywords |
Society; conservation; dark sky places; dark sky; National parks; dark sky parks; national parks; Luminescent Measurements; Night sky brightness |
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Since the invention of electric lighting in the nineteenth century, the steadily increasing use of artificial light at night in outdoor spaces has grown to threaten the integrity of dark night skies and nocturnal terrestrial spaces. The conservation community has gradually come to accept the need to protect natural nighttime darkness, which finds expression in dark sky parks and similar protected areas. As these places begin to reap tangible economic benefits in the form of sustainable ‘astrotourism,’ the movement to actively protect them gains strength. The International Dark-Sky Association designates Dark Sky Parks and Reserves under a comparative ranking scheme that assigns night sky quality tiers according to a combination of objective and subjective characteristics, but shortcomings in the consistency of these ratings exist that undermine the consistency and reputation of the designation program. Here we consider potential changes to the qualification regime to make the ratings system more robust for the benefit of future designations. |
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3323 N 1st Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85719 USA; john(at)darksky.org |
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International Journal of Sustainable Lighting |
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English |
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English |
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2586-1247 |
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Call Number |
IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
1779 |
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Author |
Barentine, J.C. |
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Title |
Methods for Assessment and Monitoring of Light Pollution around Ecologically Sensitive Sites |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Journal of Imaging |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Imaging |
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Volume |
5 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
54 |
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Keywords |
Instrumentation; Skyglow; Remote Sensing; Review |
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Abstract |
Since the introduction of electric lighting over a century ago, and particularly in the decades following the Second World War, indications of artificial light on the nighttime Earth as seen from Earth orbit have increased at a rate exceeding that of world population growth during the same period. Modification of the natural photic environment at night is a clear and imminent consequence of the proliferation of anthropogenic light at night into outdoor spaces, and with this unprecedented change comes a host of known and suspected ecological consequences. In the past two decades, the conservation community has gradually come to view light pollution as a threat requiring the development of best management practices. Establishing those practices demands a means of quantifying the problem, identifying polluting sources, and monitoring the evolution of their impacts through time. The proliferation of solid-state lighting and the changes to source spectral power distribution it has brought relative to legacy lighting technologies add the complication of color to the overall situation. In this paper, I describe the challenge of quantifying light pollution threats to ecologically-sensitive sites in the context of efforts to conserve natural nighttime darkness, assess the current state of the art in detection and imaging technology as applied to this realm, review some recent innovations, and consider future prospects for imaging approaches to provide substantial support for darkness conservation initiatives around the world. |
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2313-433X |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2498 |
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