| Records |
| Author |
Do, Q.-T.; Shapiro, J.N.; Elvidge, C.D.; Abdel-Jelil, M.; Ahn, D.P.; Baugh, K.; Hansen-Lewis, J.; Zhizhin, M.; Bazilian, M.D. |
| Title |
Terrorism, geopolitics, and oil security: Using remote sensing to estimate oil production of the Islamic State |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Energy Research & Social Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Energy Research & Social Science |
| Volume |
44 |
Issue |
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Pages |
411-418 |
| Keywords |
Remote Sensing; Economics |
| Abstract |
As the world’s most traded commodity, oil production is typically well monitored and analyzed. It also has established links to geopolitics, international relations, and security. Despite this attention, the illicit production, refining, and trade of oil and derivative products occur all over the world and provide significant revenues outside of the oversight and regulation of governments. A prominent manifestation of this phenomenon is how terrorist and insurgent organizations—including the Islamic State group, also known as ISIL/ISIS or Daesh—use oil as a revenue source. Understanding the spatial and temporal variation in production can help determine the scale of operations, technical capacity, and revenue streams. This information, in turn, can inform both security and reconstruction strategies. To this end, we use satellite multi-spectral imaging and ground-truth pre-war output data to effectively construct a real-time census of oil production in areas controlled by the ISIL terrorist group. More broadly, remotely measuring the activity of extractive industries in conflict-affected areas without reliable administrative data can support a broad range of public policy and decisions and military operations. |
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2214-6296 |
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no |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1864 |
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| Author |
Grenis, K.; Murphy, S.M. |
| Title |
Direct and indirect effects of light pollution on the performance of an herbivorous insect |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Insect Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Insect Sci |
| Volume |
26 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
770-776 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Plants |
| Abstract |
Light pollution is a global disturbance with resounding impacts on a wide variety of organisms, but our understanding of these impacts is restricted to relatively few higher vertebrate species. We tested the direct effects of light pollution on herbivore performance as well as indirect effects mediated by host plant quality. We found that artificial light from streetlights alters plant toughness. Additionally, we found evidence of both direct and indirect effects of light pollution on the performance of an herbivorous insect, which indicates that streetlights can have cascading impacts on multiple trophic levels. Our novel findings suggest that light pollution can alter plant-insect interactions and thus may have important community-wide consequences. |
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Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA |
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English |
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1672-9609 |
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PMID:29425403 |
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no |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1865 |
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| Author |
Gwiazdsinski, L.; Straw, W. |
| Title |
Nights and Mountains. Preliminary Explorations of a Double Frontier |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Revue de géographie alpine |
Abbreviated Journal |
rga |
| Volume |
106 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
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| Keywords |
Commentary; Darkness |
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0035-1121 |
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no |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1866 |
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| Author |
Challéat, S.; Lapostolle, D.; Milian, J. |
| Title |
The Night-time Environment in French Mountain Areas. A Resource and a Transition Operator Towards Sustainability |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Revue de géographie alpine |
Abbreviated Journal |
rga |
| Volume |
106 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
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| Keywords |
Darkness; Society |
| Abstract |
This article presents our approach to construct the night-time environment (NE) as an interdisciplinary research subject. Understood within the framework of various French mountain areas, we show that the NE is highly indicative of different development trajectories. We analyse them by combining traditional social science research into territory with the ecosystem approaches of the experimental sciences. We show how the NE resource (NER) is transformed into an operator that facilitates the transition towards sustainability. By highlighting three of the NE’s specifications, this work lays the groundwork for a transdisciplinary approach. |
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0035-1121 |
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no |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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1867 |
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| Author |
Petržala, J. |
| Title |
Feasibility of inverse problem solution for determination of city emission function from night sky radiance measurements |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer |
Abbreviated Journal |
Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer |
| Volume |
213 |
Issue |
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Pages |
86-94 |
| Keywords |
Skyglow |
| Abstract |
The knowledge of the emission function of a city is crucial for simulation of sky glow in its vicinity. The indirect methods to achieve this function from radiances measured over a part of the sky have been recently developed. In principle, such methods represent an ill-posed inverse problem. This paper deals with the theoretical feasibility study of various approaches to solving of given inverse problem. Particularly, it means testing of fitness of various stabilizing functionals within the Tikhonov’s regularization. Further, the L-curve and generalized cross validation methods were investigated as indicators of an optimal regularization parameter. At first, we created the theoretical model for calculation of a sky spectral radiance in the form of a functional of an emission spectral radiance. Consequently, all the mentioned approaches were examined in numerical experiments with synthetical data generated for the fictitious city and loaded by random errors. The results demonstrate that the second order Tikhonov’s regularization method together with regularization parameter choice by the L-curve maximum curvature criterion provide solutions which are in good agreement with the supposed model emission functions. |
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0022-4073 |
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no |
| Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1868 |
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