| Records |
| Author |
Karatsoreos, I.N. |
| Title |
Effects of circadian disruption on mental and physical health |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep |
| Volume |
12 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
218-225 |
| Keywords |
Chronobiology Disorders/*complications/genetics; Circadian Clocks/genetics; Cognition Disorders/*etiology/genetics; Humans; Metabolic Diseases/*etiology/genetics; Obesity/*etiology/genetics |
| Abstract |
Circadian (daily) rhythms in physiology and behavior are phylogenetically ancient and are present in almost all plants and animals. In mammals, these rhythms are generated by a master circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus, which in turn synchronizes “peripheral oscillators” throughout the brain and body in almost all cell types and organ systems. Although circadian rhythms are phylogenetically ancient, modern industrialized society and the ubiquity of electric lighting has resulted in a fundamental alteration in the relationship between an individual's endogenous circadian rhythmicity and the external environment. The ramifications of this desynchronization for mental and physical health are not fully understood, although numerous lines of evidence are emerging that link defects in circadian timing with negative health outcomes. This article explores the function of the circadian system, the effects of disrupted clocks on the brain and body, and how these effects impact mental and physical health. |
| Address |
Department of Veterinary and Comparative Anatomy, Pharmacology, and Physiology, Washington State University, 205 Wegner Hall, Pullman, WA 99164, USA. iliak@vetmed.wsu.edu |
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English |
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| ISSN |
1528-4042 |
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| Notes |
PMID:22322663 |
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no |
| Call Number |
IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
146 |
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| Author |
Kretschmer, V.; Schmidt, K.-H.; Griefahn, B. |
| Title |
Bright light effects on working memory, sustained attention and concentration of elderly night shift workers |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Lighting Research and Technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Lighting Research and Technology |
| Volume |
44 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
316-333 |
| Keywords |
shift work; light at night; light exposure; memory; concentration; human health |
| Abstract |
Night shift workers show a decline in performance during working time. Due to demographic change, the labour market requires more elderly people to work at night. Ageing is accompanied by a decrease in cognitive abilities, in the capabilities of the visual system and in coping with night work from the age of 40 onwards. This investigation focuses on the effects of bright light exposure on the working memory, concentration and sustained attention of elderly persons during three consecutive night shifts. After statistical control for neuroticism and intelligence as covariates, the results demonstrate that exposure to bright light at night reduces error rates for a working memory task and a concentration performance task but performance on a sustained attention task is completely unaffected. |
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1477-1535 |
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IDA @ john @ |
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147 |
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| Author |
Lowden, A.; Akerstedt, T. |
| Title |
Assessment of a new dynamic light regimen in a nuclear power control room without windows on quickly rotating shiftworkers--effects on health, wakefulness, and circadian alignment: a pilot study |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Chronobiology International |
Abbreviated Journal |
Chronobiol Int |
| Volume |
29 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
641-649 |
| Keywords |
Adaptation, Physiological; Adult; *Circadian Rhythm; Darkness/adverse effects; *Environment, Controlled; Female; Humans; *Light; Male; Melatonin/metabolism; Middle Aged; Photic Stimulation; Pilot Projects; Saliva/chemistry; Sleep/*physiology; *Wakefulness; *Work Schedule Tolerance |
| Abstract |
The aim of the study was to test whether a new dynamic light regime would improve alertness, sleep, and adaptation to rotating shiftwork. The illumination level in a control room without windows at a nuclear power station was ~200 lux (straight-forward horizontal gaze) using a weak yellow light of 200 lux, 3000 K (Philips Master TLD 36 W 830). New lighting equipment was installed in one area of the control room above the positions of the reactor operators. The new lights were shielded from the control group by a distance of >6 m, and the other operators worked at desks turned away from the new light. The new lights were designed to give three different light exposures: (i) white/blue strong light of 745 lux, 6000 K; (ii) weak yellow light of 650 lux, 4000 K; and (iii) yellow moderate light of 700 lux, 4000 K. In a crossover design, the normal and new light exposures were given during a sequence of three night shifts, two free days, two morning shifts, and one afternoon shift (NNN + MMA), with 7 wks between sessions. The operators consisted of two groups; seven reactor operators from seven work teams were at one time exposed to the new equipment and 16 other operators were used as controls. The study was conducted during winter with reduced opportunities of daylight exposure during work, after night work, or before morning work. Operators wore actigraphs, filled in a sleep/wake diary, including ratings of sleepiness on the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) every 2 h, and provided saliva samples for analysis of melatonin at work (every 2nd h during one night shift and first 3 h during one morning shift). Results from the wake/sleep diary showed the new light treatment increased alertness during the 2nd night shift (interaction group x light x time, p < .01). Time of waking was delayed in the light condition after the 3rd night shift (group x light, p < .05), but the amount of wake time during the sleep span increased after the 2nd night shift (p < .05), also showing a tendency to affect sleep efficiency (p < .10). Effects on circadian phase were difficult to establish given the small sample size and infrequent sampling of saliva melatonin. Nonetheless, it seems that appropriate dynamic light in rooms without windows during the dark Nordic season may promote alertness, sleep, and better adaptation to quickly rotating shiftwork. |
| Address |
Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden. arne.lowden@stress.su.se |
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English |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0742-0528 |
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| Notes |
PMID:22621361 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
148 |
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| Author |
Smith, M.R.; Eastman, C.I. |
| Title |
Shift work: health, performance and safety problems, traditional countermeasures, and innovative management strategies to reduce circadian misalignment |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Nature and Science of Sleep |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nat Sci Sleep |
| Volume |
4 |
Issue |
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Pages |
111-132 |
| Keywords |
bright light; circadian rhythms; melatonin; night work; phase-shifting; sleep |
| Abstract |
There are three mechanisms that may contribute to the health, performance, and safety problems associated with night-shift work: (1) circadian misalignment between the internal circadian clock and activities such as work, sleep, and eating, (2) chronic, partial sleep deprivation, and (3) melatonin suppression by light at night. The typical countermeasures, such as caffeine, naps, and melatonin (for its sleep-promoting effect), along with education about sleep and circadian rhythms, are the components of most fatigue risk-management plans. We contend that these, while better than nothing, are not enough because they do not address the underlying cause of the problems, which is circadian misalignment. We explain how to reset (phase-shift) the circadian clock to partially align with the night-work, day-sleep schedule, and thus reduce circadian misalignment while preserving sleep and functioning on days off. This involves controlling light and dark using outdoor light exposure, sunglasses, sleep in the dark, and a little bright light during night work. We present a diagram of a sleep-and-light schedule to reduce circadian misalignment in permanent night work, or a rotation between evenings and nights, and give practical advice on how to implement this type of plan. |
| Address |
Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA |
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English |
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1179-1608 |
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| Notes |
PMID:23620685; PMCID:PMC3630978 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
149 |
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| Author |
Vollmer, C.; Michel, U.; Randler, C. |
| Title |
Outdoor light at night (LAN) is correlated with eveningness in adolescents |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Chronobiology International |
Abbreviated Journal |
Chronobiol Int |
| Volume |
29 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
502-508 |
| Keywords |
Adolescent; *Adolescent Behavior/drug effects; Biological Clocks; Central Nervous System Stimulants/administration & dosage; *Circadian Rhythm/drug effects; Computers; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Germany; Humans; *Light; Lighting; Male; *Photic Stimulation; *Photoperiod; Questionnaires; *Sleep/drug effects; Television; Time Factors; Video Games; *Wakefulness/drug effects |
| Abstract |
External zeitgebers synchronize the human circadian rhythm of sleep and wakefulness. Humans adapt their chronotype to the day-night cycle, the strongest external zeitgeber. The human circadian rhythm shifts to evening-type orientation when daylight is prolonged into the evening and night hours by artificial light sources. Data from a survey of 1507 German adolescents covering questions about chronotype and electronic screen media use combined with nocturnal satellite image data suggest a relationship between chronotype and artificial nocturnal light. Adolescents living in brightly illuminated urban districts had a stronger evening-type orientation than adolescents living in darker and more rural municipalities. This result persisted when controlling for time use of electronic screen media, intake of stimulants, type of school, age, puberty status, time of sunrise, sex, and population density. Time spent on electronic screen media use-a source of indoor light at night-is also correlated with eveningness, as well as intake of stimulants, age, and puberty status, and, to a lesser degree, type of school and time of sunrise. Adequate urban development design and parents limiting adolescents' electronic screen media use in the evening could help to adjust adolescents' zeitgeber to early school schedules when they provide appropriate lighting conditions for daytime and for nighttime. |
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Department of Biology, University of Education Heidelberg, Germany. vollmer@ph-heidelberg.de |
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English |
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0742-0528 |
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| Notes |
PMID:22214237 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
150 |
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