| Records |
| Author |
Yonezawa, T.; Uchida, M.; Tomioka, M.; Matsuki, N. |
| Title |
Lunar Cycle Influences Spontaneous Delivery in Cows |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
PloS one |
Abbreviated Journal |
PLoS One |
| Volume |
11 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages  |
e0161735 |
| Keywords |
Moonlight; Animals |
| Abstract |
There is a popular belief that the lunar cycle influences spontaneous delivery in both humans and cattle. To assess this relationship, we investigated the synodic distribution of spontaneous deliveries in domestic Holstein cows. We used retrospective data from 428 spontaneous, full-term deliveries within a three-year period derived from the calving records of a private farm in Hokkaido, Japan. Spontaneous birth frequency increased uniformly from the new moon to the full moon phase and decreased until the waning crescent phase. There was a statistically significant peak between the waxing gibbous and full moon phases compared with those between the last quarter and the waning crescent. These changes were clearly observed in deliveries among multiparous cows, whereas they were not evident in deliveries among nulliparous cows. These data suggest the utility of dairy cows as models for bio-meteorological studies, and indicate that monitoring lunar phases may facilitate comprehensive understanding of parturition. |
| Address |
Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan |
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English |
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1932-6203 |
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PMID:27580019; PMCID:PMC5006988 |
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no |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2082 |
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| Author |
Rydell, J.; Eklöf, J.; Sánchez-Navarro, S. |
| Title |
Age of enlightenment: long-term effects of outdoor aesthetic lights on bats in churches |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Royal Society Open Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
R. Soc. open sci. |
| Volume |
4 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
161077 |
| Keywords |
Animals |
| Abstract |
We surveyed 110 country churches in south-western Sweden for presence of brown long-eared bats Plecotus auritus in summer 2016 by visual inspection and/or evening emergence counts. Each church was also classified according to the presence and amount of aesthetic directional lights (flood-lights) aimed on its walls and tower from the outside. Sixty-one of the churches had previously been surveyed by one of us (J.R.) between 1980 and 1990, before lights were installed on Swedish churches, using the same methods. Churches with bat colonies had decreased significantly in frequency from 61% in 1980s to 38% by 2016. All abandoned churches had been fitted with flood-lights in the period between the two surveys. The loss of bat colonies from lit churches was highly significant and most obvious when lights were applied from all directions, leaving no dark corridor for the bats to leave and return to the roost. In contrast, in churches that were not lit, all of 13 bat colonies remained after 25+ years between the surveys. Lighting of churches and other historical buildings is a serious threat to the long-term survival and reproduction of light-averse bats such as Plecotus spp. and other slow-flying species. Bat roosts are strictly protected according to the EU Habitats Directive and the EUROBATS agreement. Lighting of buildings for aesthetic purposes is becoming a serious environmental issue, because important bat roosts are destroyed in large numbers, and the problem should be handled accordingly. As a start, installation of flood-lights on historical buildings should at least require an environmental impact assessment (EIA). |
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2054-5703 |
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no |
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LoNNe @ kyba @; GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1698 |
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| Author |
Da Silva, Arnaud; de Jong, Maaike; van Grunsven, Roy; H A Visser, Marcel; E Kempenaers, Bart; Spoelstra, Kamiel |
| Title |
Experimental illumination of a forest: no effects of lights of different colours on the onset of the dawn chorus in songbirds |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Royal Society Open Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
4 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
160638 |
| Keywords |
animals; birds; dawn song; light spectra; light intensity |
| Abstract |
Light pollution is increasing exponentially, but its impact on animal behaviour is still poorly understood. For songbirds, the most repeatable finding is that artificial night lighting leads to an earlier daily onset of dawn singing. Most of these studies are, however, correlational and cannot entirely dissociate effects of light pollution from other effects of urbanization. In addition, there are no studies in which the effects of different light colours on singing have been tested. Here, we investigated whether the timing of dawn singing in wild songbirds is influenced by artificial light using an experimental set-up with conventional street lights. We illuminated eight previously dark forest edges with white, green, red or no light, and recorded daily onset of dawn singing during the breeding season. Based on earlier work, we predicted that onset of singing would be earlier in the lighted treatments, with the strongest effects in the early-singing species. However, we found no significant effect of the experimental night lighting (of any colour) in the 14 species for which we obtained sufficient data. Confounding effects of urbanization in previous studies may explain these results, but we also suggest that the experimental night lighting may not have been strong enough to have an effect on singing. |
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LoNNe @ schroer @ |
Serial |
1619 |
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| Author |
Bará, S. |
| Title |
Anthropogenic disruption of the night sky darkness in urban and rural areas |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Royal Society Open Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
R. Soc. open sci. |
| Volume |
3 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
160541 |
| Keywords |
Skyglow |
| Abstract |
The growing emissions of artificial light to the atmosphere are producing, among other effects, a significant increase of the night sky brightness (NSB) above its expected natural values. A permanent sensor network has been deployed in Galicia (northwest of Iberian peninsula) to monitor the anthropogenic disruption of the night sky darkness in a countrywide area. The network is composed of 14 detectors integrated in automated weather stations of MeteoGalicia, the Galician public meteorological agency. Zenithal NSB readings are taken every minute and the results are openly available in real time for researchers, interested stakeholders and the public at large through a dedicated website. The measurements allow one to assess the extent of the loss of the natural night in urban, periurban, transition and dark rural sites, as well as its daily and monthly time courses. Two metrics are introduced here to characterize the disruption of the night darkness across the year: the significant magnitude (m1/3) and the moonlight modulation factor (γ). The significant magnitude shows that in clear and moonless nights the zenithal night sky in the analysed urban settings is typically 14–23 times brighter than expected from a nominal natural dark sky. This factor lies in the range 7–8 in periurban sites, 1.6–2.5 in transition regions and 0.8–1.6 in rural and mountain dark sky places. The presence of clouds in urban areas strongly enhances the amount of scattered light, easily reaching amplification factors in excess of 25, in comparison with the light scattered in the same places under clear sky conditions. The periodic NSB modulation due to the Moon, still clearly visible in transition and rural places, is barely notable at periurban locations and is practically lost at urban sites. |
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2054-5703 |
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no |
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LoNNe @ kyba @ |
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1544 |
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| Author |
Dorado-Correa, A.M.; RodrÃguez-Rocha, M.; Brumm, H. |
| Title |
Anthropogenic noise, but not artificial light levels predicts song behaviour in an equatorial bird |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Royal Society Open Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
R. Soc. open sci. |
| Volume |
3 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
160231 |
| Keywords |
Animals |
| Abstract |
Birds in cities start singing earlier in the morning than in rural areas; commonly this shift is attributed to light pollution. Some studies have suggested that traffic noise has a stronger influence on singing activity than artificial light does. Changes in the timing of singing behaviour in relation to noise and light pollution have only been investigated in the temperate zones. Tropical birds, however, experience little seasonal variation in day length and may be less dependent on light intensity as a modifier for reproductive behaviours such as song. To test whether noise or light pollution has a stronger impact on the dawn chorus of a tropical bird, we investigated the singing behaviour of rufous-collared sparrows (Zonotrichia capensis) in Bogota, Colombia at two times during the year. We found that birds in places with high noise levels started to sing earlier. Light pollution did not have a significant effect. Birds may begin to sing earlier in noisy areas to avoid acoustic masking by traffic later in the morning. Our results also suggest that some tropical birds may be less sensitive to variations in day length and thus less sensitive to light pollution. |
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2054-5703 |
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LoNNe @ kyba @ |
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1484 |
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