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Freitas, J.R. de; Bennie, J.; Mantovani, W.; Gaston, K.J. |
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Title |
Exposure of tropical ecosystems to artificial light at night: Brazil as a case study |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
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PloS one |
Abbreviated Journal |
PLoS One |
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12 |
Issue |
2 |
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e0171655 |
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Keywords |
Remote Sensing |
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Abstract |
Artificial nighttime lighting from streetlights and other sources has a broad range of biological effects. Understanding the spatial and temporal levels and patterns of this lighting is a key step in determining the severity of adverse effects on different ecosystems, vegetation, and habitat types. Few such analyses have been conducted, particularly for regions with high biodiversity, including the tropics. We used an intercalibrated version of the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program's Operational Linescan System (DMSP/OLS) images of stable nighttime lights to determine what proportion of original and current Brazilian vegetation types are experiencing measurable levels of artificial light and how this has changed in recent years. The percentage area affected by both detectable light and increases in brightness ranged between 0 and 35% for native vegetation types, and between 0 and 25% for current vegetation (i.e. including agriculture). The most heavily affected areas encompassed terrestrial coastal vegetation types (restingas and mangroves), Semideciduous Seasonal Forest, and Mixed Ombrophilous Forest. The existing small remnants of Lowland Deciduous and Semideciduous Seasonal Forests and of Campinarana had the lowest exposure levels to artificial light. Light pollution has not often been investigated in developing countries but our data show that it is an environmental concern. |
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Environment & Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, United Kingdom |
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1932-6203 |
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PMID:28178352; PMCID:PMC5298803 |
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LoNNe @ kyba @ |
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1650 |
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Onkelinx, T. |
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Comment on 'Age of enlightenment: long-term effects of outdoor aesthetic lights on bats in churches' |
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Journal Article |
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2017 |
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Royal Society Open Science |
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R. Soc. open sci. |
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4 |
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11 |
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171312 |
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Keywords |
Animals |
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This comment reanalyses the data presented in Rydell (Rydell 2017 R. Soc. open. sci. 4, 161077. (doi:10.1098/rsos.161077)) which were analysed using only very basic statistics like Fisher’s exact test and McNemar’s test. We demonstrate how the use of more advanced statistical methods can make better use of the available data, quantify the observed effects and strengthen the conclusions in Rydell (Rydell 2017 R. Soc. open. sci. 4, 161077. (doi:10.1098/rsos.161077)). We have no intention to discredit the original authors. Their analyses were basic but correct. |
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2054-5703 |
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1787 |
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Egri, Á.; Száz, D.; Farkas, A.; Pereszlényi, Á; Horváth, G.; Kriska, G. |
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Method to improve the survival of night-swarming mayflies near bridges in areas of distracting light pollution |
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Journal Article |
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2017 |
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Royal Society Open Science |
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R. Soc. open sci. |
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4 |
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11 |
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171166 |
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Animals; Lighting |
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Numerous negative ecological effects of urban lighting have been identified during the last decades. In spite of the development of lighting technologies, the detrimental effect of this form of light pollution has not declined. Several insect species are affected including the night-swarming mayfly Ephoron virgo: when encountering bridges during their mass swarming, these mayflies often fall victim to artificial lighting. We show a simple method for the conservation of these mayflies exploiting their positive phototaxis. With downstream-facing light-emitting diode beacon lights above two tributaries of the river Danube, we managed to guide egg-laying females to the water and prevent them from perishing outside the river near urban lights. By means of measuring the mayfly outflow from the river as a function of time and the on/off state of the beacons, we showed that the number of mayflies exiting the river's area was practically zero when our beacons were operating. Tributaries could be the sources of mayfly recolonization in case of water quality degradation of large rivers. The protection of mayfly populations in small rivers and safeguarding their aggregation and oviposition sites is therefore important. |
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2054-5703 |
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LoNNe @ kyba @ |
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1786 |
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Author |
Shi, L.; Vasseur, L.; Huang, H.; Zeng, Z.; Hu, G.; Liu, X.; You, M. |
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Title |
Adult Tea Green Leafhoppers, Empoasca onukii (Matsuda), Change Behaviors under Varying Light Conditions |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
PloS one |
Abbreviated Journal |
PLoS One |
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12 |
Issue |
1 |
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e0168439 |
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Keywords |
animals |
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Insect behaviors are often influenced by light conditions including photoperiod, light intensity, and wavelength. Understanding pest insect responses to changing light conditions may help with developing alternative strategies for pest control. Little is known about the behavioral responses of leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) to light conditions. The behavior of the tea green leafhopper, Empoasca onukii Matsuda, was examined when exposed to different light photoperiods or wavelengths. Observations included the frequency of locomotion and cleaning activities, and the duration of time spent searching. The results suggested that under normal photoperiod both female and male adults were generally more active in darkness (i.e., at night) than in light. In continuous darkness (DD), the locomotion and cleaning events in Period 1 (7:00-19:00) were significantly increased, when compared to the leafhoppers under normal photoperiod (LD). Leafhoppers, especially females, changed their behavioral patterns to a two day cycle under DD. Under continuous illumination (continuous quartz lamp light, yellow light at night, and green light at night), the activities of locomotion, cleaning, and searching were significantly suppressed during the night (19:00-7:00) and locomotion activities of both females and males were significantly increased during the day (7:00-19:00), suggesting a shift in circadian rhythm. Our work suggests that changes in light conditions, including photoperiod and wavelength, can influence behavioral activities of leafhoppers, potentially affecting other life history traits such as reproduction and development, and may serve as a method for leafhopper behavioral control. |
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Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Fujian and Taiwan, China Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, China |
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1932-6203 |
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PMID:28103237 |
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no |
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LoNNe @ kyba @ |
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1625 |
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Author |
Correa, A.; Barba, A.; Padilla, F. |
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Title |
Light Effects on Behavioural Performance Depend on the Individual State of Vigilance |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
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PloS one |
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PLoS One |
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Volume |
11 |
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11 |
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e0164945 |
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Keywords |
Human Health |
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Research has shown that exposure to bright white light or blue-enriched light enhances alertness, but this effect is not consistently observed in tasks demanding high-level cognition (e.g., Sustained Attention to Response Task-SART, which measures inhibitory control). Individual differences in sensitivity to light effects might be mediated by variations in the basal level of arousal. We tested this hypothesis by measuring the participants' behavioural state of vigilance before light exposure, through the Psychomotor Vigilance Task. Then we compared the effects of a blue-enriched vs. dim light at nighttime on the performance of the auditory SART, by controlling for individual differences in basal arousal. The results replicated the alerting effects of blue-enriched light, as indexed by lower values of both proximal temperature and distal-proximal gradient. The main finding was that lighting effects on SART performance were highly variable across individuals and depended on their prior state of vigilance. Specifically, participants with higher levels of basal vigilance before light exposure benefited most from blue-enriched lighting, responding faster in the SART. These results highlight the importance of considering basal vigilance to define the boundary conditions of light effects on cognitive performance. Our study adds to current research delineating the complex and reciprocal interactions between lighting effects, arousal, cognitive task demands and behavioural performance. |
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Departamento de Psicologia Experimental. Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain |
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1932-6203 |
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PMID:27820822 |
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LoNNe @ kyba @ |
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1554 |
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