| Records |
| Author |
Foster, J.J.; Kirwan, J.D.; El Jundi, B.; Smolka, J.; Khaldy, L.; Baird, E.; Byrne, M.J.; Nilsson, D.-E.; Johnsen, S.; Dacke, M. |
| Title |
Orienting to polarized light at night – matching lunar skylight to performance in a nocturnal beetle |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
The Journal of Experimental Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Biol |
| Volume |
222 |
Issue |
Pt 2 |
Pages  |
jeb188532 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Natural skylight; insects; South African dung beetle; Escarabaeus satyrus; polarized light; Orientation |
| Abstract |
For polarized light to inform behaviour, the typical range of degrees of polarization observable in the animal's natural environment must be above the threshold for detection and interpretation. Here, we present the first investigation of the degree of linear polarization threshold for orientation behaviour in a nocturnal species, with specific reference to the range of degrees of polarization measured in the night sky. An effect of lunar phase on the degree of polarization of skylight was found, with smaller illuminated fractions of the moon's surface corresponding to lower degrees of polarization in the night sky. We found that the South African dung beetle Escarabaeus satyrus can orient to polarized light for a range of degrees of polarization similar to that observed in diurnal insects, reaching a lower threshold between 0.04 and 0.32, possibly as low as 0.11. For degrees of polarization lower than 0.23, as measured on a crescent moon night, orientation performance was considerably weaker than that observed for completely linearly polarized stimuli, but was nonetheless stronger than in the absence of polarized light. |
| Address |
Lund Vision Group, Department of Biology, Lund University, Solvegatan 35, 223 62 Lund, Sweden |
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English |
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0022-0949 |
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| Notes |
PMID:30530838 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2599 |
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| Author |
Secondi, J.; Dupont, V.; Davranche, A.; Mondy, N.; Lengagne, T.; Thery, M. |
| Title |
Variability of surface and underwater nocturnal spectral irradiance with the presence of clouds in urban and peri-urban wetlands |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
PloS one |
Abbreviated Journal |
PLoS One |
| Volume |
12 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
e0186808 |
| Keywords |
Skyglow; Ecology |
| Abstract |
Artificial light at night (ALAN) is an increasing phenomenon worldwide. It causes a wealth of biological and ecological effects that may eventually affect populations and ecosystems. Despite the growing concern about ALAN, little is known about the light levels species are exposed to at night, especially for wetlands and underwater habitats. We determined nocturnal irradiance in urban and peri-urban wetlands above and under water, and assessed the effect of cloud cover on the variability of ALAN across the urban gradient. Even in aquatic habitats, cloud cover could increase irradiance beyond values observed during clear full moon nights. We report a negative relationship between baseline irradiance and the increase in irradiance during overcast nights. According to this result and previous studies, we propose that the change in the variation regime of ALAN between the urban center and rural land at its periphery is a usual feature. We discuss the ecological and evolutionary implications of this spatial variation in the urban and peri-urban environment. |
| Address |
UMR 7179 CNRS-MNHN, Mecanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution, Brunoy, France |
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English |
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1932-6203 |
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PMID:29117235; PMCID:PMC5695598 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
LoNNe @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1801 |
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| Author |
Bharti, N.; Tatem, A.J. |
| Title |
Fluctuations in anthropogenic nighttime lights from satellite imagery for five cities in Niger and Nigeria |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Scientific Data |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sci Data |
| Volume |
5 |
Issue |
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Pages |
180256 |
| Keywords |
Remote Sensing |
| Abstract |
Dynamic measures of human populations are critical for global health management but are often overlooked, largely because they are difficult to quantify. Measuring human population dynamics can be prohibitively expensive in under-resourced communities. Satellite imagery can provide measurements of human populations, past and present, to complement public health analyses and interventions. We used anthropogenic illumination from publicly accessible, serial satellite nighttime images as a quantifiable proxy for seasonal population variation in five urban areas in Niger and Nigeria. We identified population fluxes as the mechanistic driver of regional seasonal measles outbreaks. Our data showed 1) urban illumination fluctuated seasonally, 2) corresponding population fluctuations were sufficient to drive seasonal measles outbreaks, and 3) overlooking these fluctuations during vaccination activities resulted in below-target coverage levels, incapable of halting transmission of the virus. We designed immunization solutions capable of achieving above-target coverage of both resident and mobile populations. Here, we provide detailed data on brightness from 2000-2005 for 5 cities in Niger and Nigeria and detailed methodology for application to other populations. |
| Address |
WorldPop, Department of Geography and Environment, University of Southampton; Flowminder Foundation, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK |
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English |
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2052-4463 |
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PMID:30422123; PMCID:PMC6233255 |
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no |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2769 |
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| Author |
Rowse, E.G.; Harris, S.; Jones, G. |
| Title |
Effects of dimming light-emitting diode street lights on light-opportunistic and light-averse bats in suburban habitats |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Royal Society Open Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
R. Soc. open sci. |
| Volume |
5 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
180205 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Lighting |
| Abstract |
Emerging lighting technologies provide opportunities for reducing carbon footprints, and for biodiversity conservation. In addition to installing light-emitting diode street lights, many local authorities are also dimming street lights. This might benefit light-averse bat species by creating dark refuges for these bats to forage and commute in human-dominated habitats. We conducted a field experiment to determine how light intensity affects the activity of the light-opportunistic Pipistrellus pipistrellus and light-averse bats in the genus Myotis. We used four lighting levels controlled under a central management system at existing street lights in a suburban environment (0, 25, 50 and 100% of the original output). Higher light intensities (50 and 100% of original output) increased the activity of light-opportunistic species but reduced the activity of light-averse bats. Compared to the unlit treatment, the 25% lighting level did not significantly affect either P. pipistrellus or Myotis spp. Our results suggest that it is possible to achieve a light intensity that provides both economic and ecological benefits by providing sufficient light for human requirements while not deterring light-averse bats. |
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2054-5703 |
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no |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1931 |
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| Author |
Proville, J.; Zavala-Araiza, D.; Wagner, G. |
| Title |
Night-time lights: A global, long term look at links to socio-economic trends |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
PloS one |
Abbreviated Journal |
PLoS One |
| Volume |
12 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
e0174610 |
| Keywords |
Remote Sensing; Economics |
| Abstract |
We use a parallelized spatial analytics platform to process the twenty-one year totality of the longest-running time series of night-time lights data-the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) dataset-surpassing the narrower scope of prior studies to assess changes in area lit of countries globally. Doing so allows a retrospective look at the global, long-term relationships between night-time lights and a series of socio-economic indicators. We find the strongest correlations with electricity consumption, CO2 emissions, and GDP, followed by population, CH4 emissions, N2O emissions, poverty (inverse) and F-gas emissions. Relating area lit to electricity consumption shows that while a basic linear model provides a good statistical fit, regional and temporal trends are found to have a significant impact. |
| Address |
John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, and Harvard University Center for the Environment, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America |
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English |
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1932-6203 |
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| Notes |
PMID:28346500 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
LoNNe @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1645 |
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