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Rowse, E.G.; Harris, S.; Jones, G. |
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Title |
Effects of dimming light-emitting diode street lights on light-opportunistic and light-averse bats in suburban habitats |
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Journal Article |
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2018 |
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Royal Society Open Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
R. Soc. open sci. |
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5 |
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6 |
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180205 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Lighting |
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Abstract |
Emerging lighting technologies provide opportunities for reducing carbon footprints, and for biodiversity conservation. In addition to installing light-emitting diode street lights, many local authorities are also dimming street lights. This might benefit light-averse bat species by creating dark refuges for these bats to forage and commute in human-dominated habitats. We conducted a field experiment to determine how light intensity affects the activity of the light-opportunistic Pipistrellus pipistrellus and light-averse bats in the genus Myotis. We used four lighting levels controlled under a central management system at existing street lights in a suburban environment (0, 25, 50 and 100% of the original output). Higher light intensities (50 and 100% of original output) increased the activity of light-opportunistic species but reduced the activity of light-averse bats. Compared to the unlit treatment, the 25% lighting level did not significantly affect either P. pipistrellus or Myotis spp. Our results suggest that it is possible to achieve a light intensity that provides both economic and ecological benefits by providing sufficient light for human requirements while not deterring light-averse bats. |
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2054-5703 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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1931 |
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Proville, J.; Zavala-Araiza, D.; Wagner, G. |
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Title |
Night-time lights: A global, long term look at links to socio-economic trends |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
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PloS one |
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PLoS One |
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12 |
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3 |
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e0174610 |
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Remote Sensing; Economics |
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We use a parallelized spatial analytics platform to process the twenty-one year totality of the longest-running time series of night-time lights data-the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) dataset-surpassing the narrower scope of prior studies to assess changes in area lit of countries globally. Doing so allows a retrospective look at the global, long-term relationships between night-time lights and a series of socio-economic indicators. We find the strongest correlations with electricity consumption, CO2 emissions, and GDP, followed by population, CH4 emissions, N2O emissions, poverty (inverse) and F-gas emissions. Relating area lit to electricity consumption shows that while a basic linear model provides a good statistical fit, regional and temporal trends are found to have a significant impact. |
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John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, and Harvard University Center for the Environment, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America |
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1932-6203 |
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PMID:28346500 |
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LoNNe @ kyba @ |
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1645 |
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Sharma, A.; Goyal, R. |
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Long-term exposure to constant light induces dementia, oxidative stress and promotes aggregation of sub-pathological Abeta42 in Wistar rats |
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2020 |
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Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior |
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Pharmacol Biochem Behav |
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in press |
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172892 |
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Animals; Amyloid beta; Behavior, fluoxetine, rifampicin; Oxidative stress |
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Constant exposure to light is prevalent in modern society where light noise, shift work, and jet lag is common. Constant light exposure disrupts circadian rhythm, induces stress and thus influences memory performance. We subjected adult male Wistar rats to a two-month exposure to constant light (LL), constant dark or normal light-dark cycles. Significant cognitive impairment and oxidative stress were observed in LL rats without a significant elevation in soluble Abeta1-42 levels. Next, we examined whether long-term exposure to constant light may accelerate dementia in a sub-pathological Abeta model of rats. Normal control rats received ACSF, AD rats received 440pmol, and sub-pathological Abeta rats (Abeta(s)) received 220pmol of human Abeta42 peptide in a single unilateral ICV administration. Sub-pathological Abeta rats exposed to constant light (LL+Abeta(s)) show significant memory deficits and oxidative damage, although not significantly different from LL rats. Additionally, constant light promoted aggregation of exogenous Abeta42 in LL+Abeta(s) rats shown by the presence of congophilic plaques. Furthermore, chronic fluoxetine treatment (5mg/kg/day) rescued rats from the behavioral deficits, oxidative damage and amyloid aggregation. Whereas, rifampicin treatment (20mg/kg/day) did not reverse the behavioral deficits or oxidative stress but rescued rats from amyloid plaque formation. It was concluded that constant light for two months induces behavioral deficits, oxidative stress, and accelerates aggregation of sub-pathological concentrations of human-Abeta42 peptides in Wistar rats, which is reversed by daily fluoxetine administration. |
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Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan 173 212, Himachal Pradesh, India. Electronic address: rohitgoyal@shooliniuniversity.com |
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0091-3057 |
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PMID:32142744 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2841 |
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Freitas, J.R. de; Bennie, J.; Mantovani, W.; Gaston, K.J. |
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Title |
Exposure of tropical ecosystems to artificial light at night: Brazil as a case study |
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Journal Article |
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2017 |
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PloS one |
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PLoS One |
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12 |
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2 |
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e0171655 |
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Remote Sensing |
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Artificial nighttime lighting from streetlights and other sources has a broad range of biological effects. Understanding the spatial and temporal levels and patterns of this lighting is a key step in determining the severity of adverse effects on different ecosystems, vegetation, and habitat types. Few such analyses have been conducted, particularly for regions with high biodiversity, including the tropics. We used an intercalibrated version of the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program's Operational Linescan System (DMSP/OLS) images of stable nighttime lights to determine what proportion of original and current Brazilian vegetation types are experiencing measurable levels of artificial light and how this has changed in recent years. The percentage area affected by both detectable light and increases in brightness ranged between 0 and 35% for native vegetation types, and between 0 and 25% for current vegetation (i.e. including agriculture). The most heavily affected areas encompassed terrestrial coastal vegetation types (restingas and mangroves), Semideciduous Seasonal Forest, and Mixed Ombrophilous Forest. The existing small remnants of Lowland Deciduous and Semideciduous Seasonal Forests and of Campinarana had the lowest exposure levels to artificial light. Light pollution has not often been investigated in developing countries but our data show that it is an environmental concern. |
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Environment & Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, United Kingdom |
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1932-6203 |
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PMID:28178352; PMCID:PMC5298803 |
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LoNNe @ kyba @ |
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1650 |
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Author |
Onkelinx, T. |
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Comment on 'Age of enlightenment: long-term effects of outdoor aesthetic lights on bats in churches' |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Royal Society Open Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
R. Soc. open sci. |
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Volume |
4 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
171312 |
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Keywords |
Animals |
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This comment reanalyses the data presented in Rydell (Rydell 2017 R. Soc. open. sci. 4, 161077. (doi:10.1098/rsos.161077)) which were analysed using only very basic statistics like Fisher’s exact test and McNemar’s test. We demonstrate how the use of more advanced statistical methods can make better use of the available data, quantify the observed effects and strengthen the conclusions in Rydell (Rydell 2017 R. Soc. open. sci. 4, 161077. (doi:10.1098/rsos.161077)). We have no intention to discredit the original authors. Their analyses were basic but correct. |
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LoNNe @ kyba @ |
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1787 |
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