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| Author |
Fotios, S.; Yang, B.; Uttley, J. |
| Title |
Observing other pedestrians: Investigating the typical distance and duration of fixation |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Lighting Research and Technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Lighting Research and Technologying Res & Tech |
| Volume |
47 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
548-564 |
| Keywords |
traffic safety; pedestrians; roadway lighting; visibility; light at night |
| Abstract |
After dark, road lighting should enhance the visual component of pedestrians’ interpersonal judgements such as evaluating the intent of others. Investigation of lighting effects requires better understanding of the nature of this task as expressed by the typical distance at which the judgement is made (and hence visual size) and the duration of observation, which in past studies have been arbitrary. Better understanding will help with interpretation of the significance of lighting characteristics such as illuminance and light spectrum. Conclusions of comfort distance in past studies are not consistent and hence this article presents new data determined using eye-tracking. We propose that further work on interpersonal judgements should examine the effects of lighting at a distance of 15 m with an observation duration of 500 ms. |
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309 |
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Liu, X.Y.; Luo, M.R.; Li, H. |
| Title |
A study of atmosphere perceptions in a living room |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Lighting Research and Technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Lighting Research and Technology |
| Volume |
47 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
581-594 |
| Keywords |
lighting; indoor lighting; perception; Chinese; Dutch; aesthetics |
| Abstract |
An experiment has been carried out to investigate the effect of lighting on the perception of atmosphere in a living room, using three types of light sources: halogen, fluorescent and LED lamps. In a psychophysical experiment, 29 native Chinese observers assessed eight lighting conditions having different luminances and correlated colour temperatures. For each condition, 71 scales were employed using the categorical judgment method. Factor analysis identified two underlying dimensions: liveliness and cosiness. This agrees with those found by Vogels who used Dutch observers to assess atmosphere perception. Both observer groups also agreed that an increase of luminance would make the room more lively. However, there were also some disagreements such as a higher CCT source would make the room more lively for Chinese observers but less lively for Dutch observers. |
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State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China |
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SAGE |
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English |
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310 |
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Bashiri, F.; Hassan, C.R.C. |
| Title |
Light Pollution and Its Effect on the Environment |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2014 |
Publication |
International Journal of Fundamental Physical Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Intl. J. of Fundamental Phys. Sci. |
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4 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
8-12 |
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Light pollution, human health, animal behaviour, plant growth |
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Light pollution can cause disturbance to humans as well as animals. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of light pollution on human's health, plants, animals, human body and People’s attitude about light pollution. About 90% of people strongly agreed that excessive lighting has adverse effects on a person's health. At least, 70% of people had difficulty in sleeping because of light pollution. Most of people believed that video Billboards, Spotlights, Car headlights and Street lights are the most important source of light pollution and about 60% of people agree that light pollution can affect animal’s sleep. 60% of people believed that excessive artificial light can attract several kinks of birds and insects. The results of this study indicate that the human health, plants growth and animal behaviour are strongly affected by the light pollution.‎ |
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Faculty of Engineering University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia |
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IDA @ john @ |
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313 |
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Kyba, C.C.M.; Lolkema, D.E. |
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A community standard for recording skyglow data |
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Journal Article |
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2012 |
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Astronomy & Geophysics |
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Astron Geophys |
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53 |
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6 |
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6.17-6.18 |
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Christopher Kyba and Dorien Lolkema describe a standard format for recording skyglow data developed by the light at night research community, with the goal of improving data exchange between researchers |
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LoNNe @ christopher.kyba @ |
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321 |
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Bedrosian, T.A. (ed) |
| Title |
Circadian Disruption by Light at Night: Implications for Mood |
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Book Whole |
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2013 |
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circadian disruption; sleep; light at night; melanopsin; mood; mental health; Mood Disorders; epigenetics; red light |
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Life on Earth has adapted to a consistent 24-h solar cycle. Circadian rhythms in physiology and behavior remain synchronized to the environment using light as the most potent entraining cue. During the past century, however, the widespread adoption of electric light has led to `round-the-clock’ societies. Instead of aligning with the environment, individuals follow artificial and often erratic light cycles created by social and work schedules. In particular, exposure to artificial light at night (LAN), termed “light pollutionâ€, has become pervasive over the past 100 years. Virtually every individual living in the U.S. and Europe experiences this aberrant light exposure, and moreover about 20% of the population performs shift work. LAN may disrupt physiological timekeeping, leading to dysregulation of internal processes and misalignment between behavior and the environment. Recent evidence suggests that individuals exposed to excessive LAN, such as night shift workers, have increased risk for depressive disorders, but the biological mechanism remains unspecified. In mammals, intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) project light information to (1) the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the hypothalamus, regulating circadian rhythms, and (2) to limbic regions, putatively regulating mood. Thus, LAN has the potential to affect both circadian timekeeping and mood. In this dissertation, I present evidence from rodent studies supporting the novel hypothesis that night-time exposure to light disrupts circadian organization and contributes to depressed mood. First, I consider the physiological and behavioral consequences associated with unnatural exposure to LAN. The effects of LAN on circadian output are considered in terms of locomotor activity, the diurnal cortisol rhythm, and diurnal clock protein expression in the brain in Chapter 2. The influence of LAN on behavior and brain plasticity is discussed, with particular focus on depressive-like behavior (Chapter 3) and effects of SSRI treatment (Chapter 4). Effects of LAN on structural plasticity and gene expression in the brain are described, with emphasis on potential correlates of the depressive-like behavior observed under LAN in Chapter 5. Given the prevalence of LAN exposure and its importance, strategies for reversing the effects are offered. Specifically, eliminating LAN quickly reverses behavioral and physiological effects of exposure as described in Chapter 5. In Chapter 6 I report that administration of a pharmacological cytokine inhibitor prevents depressive-like behaviors in LAN, implicating brain inflammation in the behavioral effect. Finally, I demonstrate in Chapter 7 that exposure to red wavelength LAN reduces the effects on brain and behavior, suggesting that LAN acts through specific retinal pathways involving melanopsin. Taken together, these studies demonstrate the consequences of LAN, but also outline potential avenues for prevention or intervention. |
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Department of Neuroscience and The Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research The Ohio State University |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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Bedrosian, T.A. |
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