| Records |
| Author |
Kyba, C.C.M.; Wagner, J.M.; Kuechly, H.U.; Walker, C.E.; Elvidge, C.D.; Falchi, F.; Ruhtz, T.; Fischer, J.; Hölker, F. |
| Title |
Citizen science provides valuable data for monitoring global night sky luminance |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Scientific Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sci Rep |
| Volume |
3 |
Issue  |
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Pages |
1835 |
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| Abstract |
The skyglow produced by artificial lights at night is one of the most dramatic anthropogenic modifications of Earth's biosphere. The GLOBE at Night citizen science project allows individual observers to quantify skyglow using star maps showing different levels of light pollution. We show that aggregated GLOBE at Night data depend strongly on artificial skyglow, and could be used to track lighting changes worldwide. Naked eye time series can be expected to be very stable, due to the slow pace of human eye evolution. The standard deviation of an individual GLOBE at Night observation is found to be 1.2 stellar magnitudes. Zenith skyglow estimates from the “First World Atlas of Artificial Night Sky Brightness” are tested using a subset of the GLOBE at Night data. Although we find the World Atlas overestimates sky brightness in the very center of large cities, its predictions for Milky Way visibility are accurate. |
| Address |
Institute for Space Sciences, Freie Universitat Berlin, Berlin, Germany. christopher.kyba@wew.fu-berlin.de |
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English |
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2045-2322 |
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PMID:23677222; PMCID:PMC3655480 |
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no |
| Call Number |
IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
13 |
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Longcore, T.; Rich, C.; Mineau, P.; MacDonald, B.; Bert, D.G.; Sullivan, L.M.; Mutrie, E.; Gauthreaux Jr., S.A.; Avery, M.L.; Crawford, R.L.; Manville II, A.M.; Travis, E.R.; Drake, D. |
| Title |
Avian mortality at communication towers in the United States and Canada: which species, how many, and where? |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Biological Conservation |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biological Conservation |
| Volume |
158 |
Issue |
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Pages |
410-419 |
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| Abstract |
Birds migrating to and from breeding grounds in the United States and Canada are killed by the millions in collisions with lighted towers and their guy wires. Avian mortality at towers is highly variable across species, and the importance to each population depends on its size and trajectory. Building on our previous estimate of avian mortality at communication towers, we calculated mortality by species and by regions. To do this, we constructed a database of mortality by species at towers from available records and calculated the mean proportion of each species killed at towers within aggregated Bird Conservation Regions. These proportions were combined with mortality estimates that we previously calculated for those regions. We then compared our estimated bird mortality rates to the estimated populations of these species in the United States and Canada. Neotropical migrants suffer the greatest mortality; 97.4% of birds killed are passerines, mostly warblers (Parulidae, 58.4%), vireos (Vireonidae, 13.4%), thrushes (Turdidae, 7.7%), and sparrows (Emberizidae, 5.8%). Thirteen birds of conservation concern in the United States or Canada suffer annual mortality of 1–9% of their estimated total population. Of these, estimated annual mortality is >2% for Yellow Rail (Coturnicops noveboracensis), Swainson’s Warbler (Limnothlypis swainsonii), Pied-billed Grebe (Podilymbus podiceps), Bay-breasted Warbler (Setophaga castanea), Golden-winged Warbler (Vermivora chrysoptera), Worm-eating Warbler (Helmitheros vermivorum), Prairie Warbler (Setophaga discolor), and Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapilla). Avian mortality from anthropogenic sources is almost always reported in the aggregate (“number of birds killedâ€), which cannot detect the species-level effects necessary to make conservation assessments. Our approach to per species estimates could be undertaken for other sources of chronic anthropogenic mortality. |
| Address |
Communication towers; Mortality; Night lighting; Neotropical migrants; Collisions; Impact assessment; birds |
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0006-3207 |
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no |
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IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
54 |
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Riley, W.D.; Bendall, B.; Ives, M.J.; Edmonds, N.J.; Maxwell, D.L. |
| Title |
Street lighting disrupts the diel migratory pattern of wild Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., smolts leaving their natal stream |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Aquaculture |
Abbreviated Journal |
Aquaculture |
| Volume |
330-333 |
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Pages |
74-81 |
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Artificial light; Behaviour; Migration; Salmon; Smolt; Street lighting |
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The migratory timing and behaviour of wild Atlantic salmon smolts leaving their natal stream was determined using a passive integrated transponder (PIT) antennae system at a study site on a tributary of the River Itchen, England. Experiments compared the downstream migration of smolts under natural control conditions (2000–2006) with two years (2008 and 2009) when the main downstream exit of the study site was subject to street-lit conditions every alternate night (maximum light intensity measured at the stream surface = 14 lx). Migration of smolts under control conditions was significantly (p < 0.01, n = 170) correlated with sunset. By contrast, street lighting resulted in the timing of migration being random (p = 0.11, n = 7; p = 0.76, n = 34, respectively) with respect to time of day. Furthermore, migration of smolts was significantly (p = 0.01, n = 19) correlated with the time of sunset for fish migrating when the lamp had been off, but random (p = 0.36, n = 22) when the lamp had been on (2008 and 2009 data, combined). This alteration in migratory behaviour due to street lighting may impact fitness. |
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0044-8486 |
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no |
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IDA @ john @ |
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69 |
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| Author |
Zheleva, M. |
| Title |
The dark side of light. Light pollution kills leatherback turtle hatchlings |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Biodiscovery |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biodiscovery |
| Volume |
3 |
Issue |
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Pages |
e8930 |
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Leatherback turtle; animals; reptiles; turtles; marine turtles; light pollution; Tobago |
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The leatherback turtle is the largest and most migratory of all sea turtles and deepest diving air-breathing animal. It has unique physiology which allows it to adapt to various habitats ranging from sub-polar to equatorial during its migrations. The leatherback turtle is also the only sea turtle where no cases of tumours have been diagnosed. These unique features add to the arguments for preservation of this endangered species. Here we discuss the effect of light pollution on leatherback turtle hatchlings in Tobago and the measures for their protection. |
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2050-2966 |
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no |
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IDA @ john @ |
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76 |
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| Author |
Lorne, J.; Salmon, M. |
| Title |
Effects of exposure to artificial lighting on orientation of hatchling sea turtles on the beach and in the ocean |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Endangered Species Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
Endang. Species Res. |
| Volume |
3 |
Issue |
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Pages |
23-30 |
| Keywords |
Sea-finding · Orientation; Migration; Sea turtle; Loggerhead turtle; Caretta caretta; Photopollution; animals; turtles; marine turtles; reptiles |
| Abstract |
Artificial lighting disrupts sea turtle hatchling orientation from the nest to the sea. We studied how a light-induced landward crawl affects the later ability of hatchlings to crawl to the sea, and to swim away from the shore from a dark beach. A brief (2 min) landward crawl had no effect on swimming orientation as long as surface waves were present. In a calm sea, landward-crawling hatchlings failed to swim offshore, while those crawling seaward were well oriented. A long (2 h) crawl toward a landward light source, however, impaired the ability of hatchlings to crawl seaward. These results demonstrate that orientation toward artificial light sources compromises the ability of hatchlings to respond to natural orientation cues, both on land and in the sea. Based on these results, we suggest several changes to current management practices used when releasing misoriented turtles in the wild. |
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1863-5407 |
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no |
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IDA @ john @ |
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77 |
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