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Author |
Walker, C.E.; Pompea, S.M. |
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Title |
National education program for energy efficient illumination engineering |
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Journal Article |
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2011 |
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Proceedings of SPIE Eco-Photonics 2011, Strasbourg, France, March 2011. |
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8065 |
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80650Q-1 |
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Keywords |
Skyglow; Illumination engineering; Pollution; Schools and universities; Observatories; Astronomy; Eye |
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About one-third of outdoor lighting escapes unused into the sky, wasting energy and causing sky glow. Because of excessive sky glow around astronomical facilities, the National Optical Astronomy Observatory has a strong motivation to lead light pollution education efforts. While our original motivation of preserving the dark skies near observatories is still important, energy conservation is a critical problem that needs to be addressed nationwide. To address this problem we have created an extensive educational program on understanding and measuring light pollution. A set of four learning experiences introduces school students at all grade levels to basic energy-responsive illumination engineering design principles that can minimize light pollution. We created and utilize the GLOBE at Night citizen science light pollution assessment campaign as a cornerstone activity. We also utilize educational activities on light shielding that are introduced through a teaching kit. These two components provide vocabulary, concepts, and visual illustrations of the causes of light pollution. The third, more advanced component is the school outdoor lighting audit, which has students perform an audit and produce a revised master plan for compliant lighting. These learning experiences provide an integrated learning unit that is highly adaptable for U.S. and international education efforts in this area. |
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547 |
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Author |
So, C.W. |
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Observational Studies of the Night Sky in Hong Kong. |
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Journal Article |
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2010 |
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Master's thesis, The University of Hong Kong. |
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Skyglow |
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550 |
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Author |
Aubé, M. |
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Light pollution modeling and detection in a heterogeneous environment |
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2007 |
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Proceedings of Starlight 2007 conference. La Palma, Spain. |
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Few attempts have been made to measure aerosol optical depth (AOD) behaviour
during the night. One such method uses spectrally calibrated stars as reference targets
but the available number of stars is limited. This is especially true for urban sites where
artificial lighting hide most of these stars. In our research we attempt to provide an
alternate method one which exploits the artificial sky glow generated by light pollution.
To achieve that goal, we designed a new methodology which links a 3D light
pollution model with in situ light pollution spectral measurements obtained with our
detector called Spectrometer for aerosol night detection (SAND). The basic idea was to
adjust an AOD value into the model in order to fit the measured artificial sky brightness.
This method requires an accurate model that includes spatial heterogeneity in lighting
angular geometry, in lighting spectral dependence, in ground spectral reflectance and
in topography along with a detailed definition of the vertical atmospheric profile. This
model, named ILLUMINA, computes 1st and 2nd order molecular and aerosol scattering
as well as aerosol absorption. A correction for sub grid obstacles is also included.
These model features represent major improvements to previous light pollution models.
Therefore, new possibilities for light pollution studies will arise, many of which are of
particular interest to the astronomical community. In this paper we will present model
and detector features and some of the first results derived from ILLUMINA model. We
will also present our web based spatio-temporal Sky spectral luminance measurements
database project. |
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Garstang, R.H. |
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Brightness of clouds at night over a city. |
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2007 |
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The Observatory |
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127 |
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1-13 |
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Skyglow |
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Aubé, M.; Franchomme-Fossé, L.; Robert-Staehler, P.; Houle, V. |
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Light pollution modeling and detection in a heterogeneous environment: toward a night time aerosol optical depth retrieval method. |
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2005 |
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Proceedings of SPIE 2005 -- Volume 5890, San Diego, California, USA. |
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5890 |
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Skyglow; aerosol optical depth; remote sensing; light pollution; artificial skyglow |
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Tracking the Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) is of particular importance in monitoring aerosol contributions to global radiative forcing. Until now, the two standard techniques used for retrieving AOD were; (i) sun photometry, and (ii) satellite based approaches, such as based DDV (Dense Dark Vegetation) inversion algorithms. These methods are only available for use during daylight time since they are based on direct or indirect observation of sunlight. Few attempts have been made to measure AOD behaviour at night. One such method uses spectrally calibrated stars as reference targets but the number of available stars is limited. This is especially true for urban sites where artificial lighting hides most of these stars. In this research, we attempt to provide an alternate method, one which exploits artificial sky glow or light pollution. This methodology links a 3D light pollution model with in situ light pollution measurements. The basic idea is to adjust an AOD value into the model in order to fit measured light pollution. This method requires an accurate model that includes spatial heterogeneity in lighting angular geometry, in lighting spectral dependence, in ground spectral reflectance and in topography. This model, named ILLUMINA, computes 1st and 2nd order molecular and aerosol scattering, as well as aerosol absorption. These model features represent major improvements to previous light pollution models. Therefore, new possibilities for light pollution studies will arise, many of which are of particular interest to the astronomical community. In this paper we will present a first sensitive study applied to the ILLUMINA model. |
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LoNNe @ kagoburian @ |
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554 |
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