| Records |
| Author |
Gaston, K.J.; Davies, T.W.; Bennie, J.; Hopkins, J. |
| Title |
Reducing the ecological consequences of night-time light pollution: options and developments |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2012 |
Publication |
The Journal of Applied Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Appl Ecol |
| Volume |
49 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
1256-1266 |
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| Abstract |
1. Much concern has been expressed about the ecological consequences of night-time light pollution. This concern is most often focused on the encroachment of artificial light into previously unlit areas of the night-time environment, but changes in the spectral composition, duration and spatial pattern of light are also recognized as having ecological effects.2. Here, we examine the potential consequences for organisms of five management options to reduce night-time light pollution. These are to (i) prevent areas from being artificially lit; (ii) limit the duration of lighting; (iii) reduce the 'trespass' of lighting into areas that are not intended to be lit (including the night sky); (iv) change the intensity of lighting; and (v) change the spectral composition of lighting.3. Maintaining and increasing natural unlit areas is likely to be the most effective option for reducing the ecological effects of lighting. However, this will often conflict with other social and economic objectives. Decreasing the duration of lighting will reduce energy costs and carbon emissions, but is unlikely to alleviate many impacts on nocturnal and crepuscular animals, as peak times of demand for lighting frequently coincide with those in the activities of these species. Reducing the trespass of lighting will maintain heterogeneity even in otherwise well-lit areas, providing dark refuges that mobile animals can exploit. Decreasing the intensity of lighting will reduce energy consumption and limit both skyglow and the area impacted by high-intensity direct light. Shifts towards 'whiter' light are likely to increase the potential range of environmental impacts as light is emitted across a broader range of wavelengths.4.Synthesis and applications. The artificial lightscape will change considerably over coming decades with the drive for more cost-effective low-carbon street lighting solutions and growth in the artificially lit area. Developing lighting strategies that minimize adverse ecological impacts while balancing the often conflicting requirements of light for human utility, comfort and safety, aesthetic concerns, energy consumption and carbon emission reduction constitute significant future challenges. However, as both lighting technology and understanding of its ecological effects develop, there is potential to identify adaptive solutions that resolve these conflicts. |
| Address |
Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9EZ, UK |
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English |
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| ISSN |
0021-8901 |
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PMID:23335816; PMCID:PMC3546378 |
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no |
| Call Number |
IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
15 |
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Kyba, C.C.M.; Wagner, J.M.; Kuechly, H.U.; Walker, C.E.; Elvidge, C.D.; Falchi, F.; Ruhtz, T.; Fischer, J.; Hölker, F. |
| Title |
Citizen science provides valuable data for monitoring global night sky luminance |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Scientific Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sci Rep |
| Volume |
3 |
Issue |
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Pages |
1835 |
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| Abstract |
The skyglow produced by artificial lights at night is one of the most dramatic anthropogenic modifications of Earth's biosphere. The GLOBE at Night citizen science project allows individual observers to quantify skyglow using star maps showing different levels of light pollution. We show that aggregated GLOBE at Night data depend strongly on artificial skyglow, and could be used to track lighting changes worldwide. Naked eye time series can be expected to be very stable, due to the slow pace of human eye evolution. The standard deviation of an individual GLOBE at Night observation is found to be 1.2 stellar magnitudes. Zenith skyglow estimates from the “First World Atlas of Artificial Night Sky Brightness” are tested using a subset of the GLOBE at Night data. Although we find the World Atlas overestimates sky brightness in the very center of large cities, its predictions for Milky Way visibility are accurate. |
| Address |
Institute for Space Sciences, Freie Universitat Berlin, Berlin, Germany. christopher.kyba@wew.fu-berlin.de |
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English |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
2045-2322 |
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| Notes |
PMID:23677222; PMCID:PMC3655480 |
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no |
| Call Number |
IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
13 |
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Longcore, T.; Rich, C.; Mineau, P.; MacDonald, B.; Bert, D.G.; Sullivan, L.M.; Mutrie, E.; Gauthreaux Jr., S.A.; Avery, M.L.; Crawford, R.L.; Manville II, A.M.; Travis, E.R.; Drake, D. |
| Title |
Avian mortality at communication towers in the United States and Canada: which species, how many, and where? |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Biological Conservation |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biological Conservation |
| Volume |
158 |
Issue |
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Pages |
410-419 |
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| Abstract |
Birds migrating to and from breeding grounds in the United States and Canada are killed by the millions in collisions with lighted towers and their guy wires. Avian mortality at towers is highly variable across species, and the importance to each population depends on its size and trajectory. Building on our previous estimate of avian mortality at communication towers, we calculated mortality by species and by regions. To do this, we constructed a database of mortality by species at towers from available records and calculated the mean proportion of each species killed at towers within aggregated Bird Conservation Regions. These proportions were combined with mortality estimates that we previously calculated for those regions. We then compared our estimated bird mortality rates to the estimated populations of these species in the United States and Canada. Neotropical migrants suffer the greatest mortality; 97.4% of birds killed are passerines, mostly warblers (Parulidae, 58.4%), vireos (Vireonidae, 13.4%), thrushes (Turdidae, 7.7%), and sparrows (Emberizidae, 5.8%). Thirteen birds of conservation concern in the United States or Canada suffer annual mortality of 1–9% of their estimated total population. Of these, estimated annual mortality is >2% for Yellow Rail (Coturnicops noveboracensis), Swainson’s Warbler (Limnothlypis swainsonii), Pied-billed Grebe (Podilymbus podiceps), Bay-breasted Warbler (Setophaga castanea), Golden-winged Warbler (Vermivora chrysoptera), Worm-eating Warbler (Helmitheros vermivorum), Prairie Warbler (Setophaga discolor), and Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapilla). Avian mortality from anthropogenic sources is almost always reported in the aggregate (“number of birds killedâ€), which cannot detect the species-level effects necessary to make conservation assessments. Our approach to per species estimates could be undertaken for other sources of chronic anthropogenic mortality. |
| Address |
Communication towers; Mortality; Night lighting; Neotropical migrants; Collisions; Impact assessment; birds |
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0006-3207 |
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no |
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IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
54 |
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| Author |
Longcore, T.; Rich, C.; Gauthreaux, S.A. |
| Title |
Height, Guy Wires, And Steady-Burning Lights Increase Hazard Of Communication Towers To Nocturnal Migrants: A Review And Meta-Analysis |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2008 |
Publication |
The Auk |
Abbreviated Journal |
The Auk |
| Volume |
125 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
485-492 |
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0004-8038 |
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no |
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IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
56 |
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| Author |
Nowinszky, L.; Puskás, J. |
| Title |
Light-Trap Catch of the Harmful Moths Depending of Moonlight in North Carolina and Nebraska States of USA |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2012 |
Publication |
ISRN Zoology |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISRN Zoology |
| Volume |
2012 |
Issue |
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Pages |
1-6 |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
2090-5238 |
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no |
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IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
111 |
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