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Kocifaj, M.; Aubé, M.; Kohút, I. |
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Title |
The effect of spatial and spectral heterogeneity of ground-based light sources on night-sky radiances: Light pollution for heterogeneous sources |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |
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Volume |
409 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
1203-1212 |
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Keywords |
light pollution; scattering; atmospheric effects; methods: numerical |
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Abstract |
Nowadays, light pollution is a permanent problem at many observatories around the world. Elimination of excessive lighting during the night is not only about reduction of the total luminous power of ground-based light sources, but also involves experimenting with the spectral features of single lamps. Astronomical photometry is typically made at specific wavelengths, and thus the analysis of the spectral effects of light pollution is highly important. Nevertheless, studies on the spectral behaviour of night light are quite rare. Instead, broad-band or integral quantities (such as sky luminance) are preferentially measured and modelled. The knowledge of night-light spectra is necessary for the proper interpretation of narrow-band photometry data. In this paper, the night-sky radiances in the nominal spectral lines of the B (445 nm) and V (551 nm) filters are determined numerically under clear-sky conditions. Simultaneously, the corresponding sky-luminance patterns are computed and compared against the spectral radiances. It is shown that spectra, patterns and distances of the most important light sources (towns) surrounding an observatory are essential for determining the light pollution levels. In addition, the optical characteristics of the local atmosphere can change the angular behaviour of the sky radiance or luminance. All these effects are evaluated for two Slovakian observatories: Stará Lesná and Vartovka. |
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0035-8711 |
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IDA @ john @ |
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259 |
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Krisciunas, K.; Bogglio, H.; Sanhueza, P.; Smith, M.G. |
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Title |
Light Pollution At High Zenith Angles, As Measured at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory1 |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
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Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific |
Abbreviated Journal |
Publ Astron Soc Pac |
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122 |
Issue |
889 |
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373-377 |
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Astronomical Phenomena and Seeing; Cerro Tololo; Garstang model; skyglow; light pollution; measurements |
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On the basis of measurements of the V-band sky brightness obtained at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory in 2006 December and 2008 December we confirm the functional form of the basic model of Garstang. At high zenith angles we measure an enhancement of a factor of 2 over Garstang’s later model when there is no marine cloud layer over La Serena/Coquimbo. No corresponding enhancement is found in the B band. |
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0004-6280 |
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IDA @ john @ |
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261 |
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Luginbuhl, C.B.; Duriscoe, D.M.; Moore, C.W.; Richman, A.; Lockwood, G.W.; Davis, D.R. |
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From the Ground Up II: Sky Glow and Near-Ground Artificial Light Propagation in Flagstaff, Arizona |
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Journal Article |
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2009 |
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Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific |
Abbreviated Journal |
Publ Astron Soc Pac |
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121 |
Issue |
876 |
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204-212 |
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Astronomical Phenomena and Seeing; Flagstaff; Arizona; sky brightness; measurements; light pollution; skyglow |
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We present panoramic sky brightness measures in the Johnson V band made at the US Naval Observatory Flagstaff Station. We find that these measures show much less sky glow from Flagstaff than expected using the total light output and unshielded fraction determined recently by Luginbuhl et al. and Garstang’s 1991 modeling approach. We suggest the difference arises principally from the diminution of upward-directed light after emission from light fixtures and reflection from the ground due to interaction with structures and vegetation. This interaction not only reduces the effective albedo, it also disproportionately reduces flux emitted upward at angles near the horizontal. We explore the size and consequences of this factor in light pollution modeling, and propose a modified upward angular distribution function to account for this effect. |
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0004-6280 |
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IDA @ john @ |
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262 |
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Vázquez-Mata, J.A.; Hernández-Toledo, H.M.; MartÃnez-Vázquez, L.A.; Pani-Cielo, A. |
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Title |
Light pollution around Tonantzintla Observatory |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. IAU |
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5 |
Issue |
S260 |
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Keywords |
light pollution; observatories; sky brightness; Tonantzintla; Mexico; skyglow |
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Being close to the cities of Puebla to east and Cholula to the north, both having potential for large growth, the National Astronomical Observatory in Tonantzintla (OAN-Tonantzintla) faces the danger of deteriorating its sky conditions even more. In order to maintain competitiveness for education and scientific programs, it is important to preserve the sky brightness conditions. through: 1) our awareness of the night sky characteristics in continuous monitoring campaigns, doing more measurements over the next years to monitor changes and 2) encouraging local authorities about the need to regulate public lighting at the same time, showing them the benefits of such initiatives when well planed and correctly implemented. |
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1743-9213 |
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IDA @ john @ |
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263 |
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Massey, P.; Foltz, C. B. |
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Title |
The Spectrum of the Night Sky over Mount Hopkins and Kitt Peak: Changes after a Decade1 |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific |
Abbreviated Journal |
Publ Astron Soc Pac |
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Volume |
112 |
Issue |
770 |
Pages |
566-573 |
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Keywords |
Kitt Peak; observatories; Arizona; skyglow; light pollution; measurements |
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Recent (1998–1999) absolute spectrophotometry of the night sky over two southern Arizona astronomical sites, Kitt Peak and Mount Hopkins, is compared to similar data obtained in 1988 at each site. The current zenith sky brightness in the range ∼3700–6700 Ã… is essentially identical at the two sites and is as dark now as Palomar Observatory was in the early 1970s, when it was generally considered a premier dark observing site. Converted to broadband measurements, our spectrophotometry is equivalent to , mag arcsec−2, for the zenith night sky. The contribution of high‐pressure sodium street lights to broadband V is about 0.2 mag arcsec−2, comparable to the strong airglow O i λ5577 line. During the period from 1988 to 1998–1999, the zenith sky brightness increased only modestly, with the largest changes being seen for Kitt Peak, where the zenith sky has brightened by ≈0.1–0.2 mag arcsec−2 in the blue‐optical region. For Kitt Peak we also have both 1988 and 1999 observations at modestly large zenith distances ( ). In the directions away from Tucson, the sky has brightened by ≈0.35 mag arcsec−2 over the intervening decade. Toward Tucson the change has been larger, approximately 0.5 mag arcsec−2. In most directions the increase in the sky brightness has lagged behind the fractional increase in population growth, which we attribute to good outdoor lighting ordinances, a fact which is further reflected in the decrease in Hg emission. However, our results emphasize the need for diligent attention as developments creep closer to our observing sites. |
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0004-6280 |
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IDA @ john @ |
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264 |
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