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| Author | Nwosu, L.C.; Nwosu, L.K. | ||||
| Title | Influence of Type of Electric Bright Light on the Attraction of the African Giant Water Bug, Lethocerus indicus (Hemiptera: Belostomatidae) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2012 | Publication | Psyche: A Journal of Entomology | Abbreviated Journal | Psyche: A Journal of Entomology |
| Volume | 2012 | Issue | Pages | 1-4 | |
| Keywords | insects; bugs; African giant water bug; Lethocerus indicus; Hemiptera; Belostomatidae | ||||
| Abstract | This study investigated the influence of type of electric bright light (produced by fluorescent light tube and incandescent light bulb) on the attraction of the African giant water bug, Lethocerus indicus (Hemiptera: Belostomatidae). Four fluorescent light tubes of 15 watts each, producing white-coloured light and four incandescent light bulbs of 60 watts each, producing yellow-coloured light, but both producing the same amount of light, were varied and used for the experiments. Collections of bugs at experimental house were done at night between the hours of 8.30 pm and 12 mid-night on daily basis for a period of four months per experiment in the years 2008 and 2009. Lethocerus indicus whose presence in any environment has certain implications was the predominant belostomatid bug in the area. Use of incandescent light bulbs in 2009 significantly attracted more Lethocerus indicus 103 (74.6%) than use of fluorescent light tubes 35 (25.41%) in 2008 [ 𝑃 < 0 . 0 5 ; 𝑃 ( 𝑍 > 4 . 9 2 ) = 0 . 0 0 0 1 ]. However, bug’s attraction to light source was not found sex dependent [ 𝑃 > 0 . 0 5 ; 𝑃 ( 𝑍 > 0 . 1 8 ) = 0 . 4 2 8 6 and 𝑍 > 0 . 2 8 = 0 . 3 8 9 7 ]. Therefore, this study recommends the use of fluorescent light by households, campgrounds, and other recreational centres that are potentially exposed to the nuisance of the giant water bugs. Otherwise, incandescent light bulbs should be used when it is desired to attract the presence of these aquatic bugs either for food or scientific studies. |
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| ISSN | 0033-2615 | ISBN | Medium  |
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | IDA @ john @ | Serial | 118 | ||
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| Author | Kelber, A. | ||||
| Title | Light intensity limits foraging activity in nocturnal and crepuscular bees | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Behavioral Ecology | Abbreviated Journal | Behavioral Ecology |
| Volume | 17 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 63-72 |
| Keywords | bees; eyes; foraging; insects; ocelli; sensitivity; visual ecology | ||||
| Abstract | A crepuscular or nocturnal lifestyle has evolved in bees several times independently, probably to explore rewarding pollen sources without competition and to minimize predation and nest parasites. Despite these obvious advantages, only few bee species are nocturnal. Here we show that the sensitivity of the bee apposition eye is a major factor limiting the ability to forage in dim light. We present data on eye size, foraging times, and light levels for Megalopta genalis (Augochlorini, Halictidae) in Panama, and Lasioglossum (Sphecodogastra) sp. (Halictini, Halictidae) in Utah, USA. M. genalis females forage exclusively during twilight, but as a result of dim light levels in the rain forest, they are adapted to extremely low intensities. The likely factor limiting their foraging activity is finding their nest entrance on return from a foraging trip. The lowest light intensity at which they can do this, both in the morning and the evening, is 0.0001 cd m−2. Therefore, they leave the nest at dimmer light levels in the morning than in the evening. Lasioglossum (Sphecodogastra) foraging is limited by light intensity in the evening, but probably by temperature in the morning in the temperate climate of Utah. We propose that the evolution of nocturnality in bees was favored by the large variance in the size of females. | ||||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1045-2249 | ISBN | Medium |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | IDA @ john @ | Serial | 119 | ||
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| Author | Simpson, S.N.; Hanna, B.G. | ||||
| Title | Willingness to pay for a clear night sky: use of the contingent valuation method | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2010 | Publication | Applied Economics Letters | Abbreviated Journal | Applied Economics Letters |
| Volume | 17 | Issue | 11 | Pages | 1095-1103 |
| Keywords | economics; contingent valuation method; light pollution | ||||
| Abstract | This article applies the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) to the issue of night sky pollution. Light pollution decreases the ability to view a clear, unobstructed night sky. We administered a survey to the students of the Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT) to obtain estimates of Willingness To Pay (WTP) to improve night sky visibility and to prevent deterioration in visibility. This is the first CVM study that attempts to distinguish between these different WTPs. We find that students are willing to pay significantly more for a larger improvement in night sky conditions. We also find significant differences in WTP to improve versus prevent deterioration in night sky conditions. | ||||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1350-4851 | ISBN | Medium |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | IDA @ john @ | Serial | 121 | ||
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| Author | Chen, X.; Nordhaus, W.D. | ||||
| Title | Using luminosity data as a proxy for economic statistics | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2011 | Publication | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | Abbreviated Journal | Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |
| Volume | 108 | Issue | 21 | Pages | 8589-8594 |
| Keywords | Developing Countries/history/*statistics & numerical data; *Extraterrestrial Environment; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; *Light; Methods; *Research Design; Socioeconomic Factors/*history | ||||
| Abstract | A pervasive issue in social and environmental research has been how to improve the quality of socioeconomic data in developing countries. Given the shortcomings of standard sources, the present study examines luminosity (measures of nighttime lights visible from space) as a proxy for standard measures of output (gross domestic product). We compare output and luminosity at the country level and at the 1 degrees latitude x 1 degrees longitude grid-cell level for the period 1992-2008. We find that luminosity has informational value for countries with low-quality statistical systems, particularly for those countries with no recent population or economic censuses. | ||||
| Address | Department of Economics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. xi.chen@yale.edu | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0027-8424 | ISBN | Medium |
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:21576474; PMCID:PMC3102367 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | IDA @ john @ | Serial | 122 | ||
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| Author | Elvidge, C.D.; Sutton, P.C.; Ghosh, T.; Tuttle, B.T.; Baugh, K.E.; Bhaduri, B.; Bright, E. | ||||
| Title | A global poverty map derived from satellite data | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication | Computers & Geosciences | Abbreviated Journal | Computers & Geosciences |
| Volume | 35 | Issue | 8 | Pages | 1652-1660 |
| Keywords | Poverty; DMSP; Nighttime lights; World development indicators; light pollution | ||||
| Abstract | A global poverty map has been produced at 30 arcsec resolution using a poverty index calculated by dividing population count (LandScan 2004) by the brightness of satellite observed lighting (DMSP nighttime lights). Inputs to the LandScan product include satellite-derived land cover and topography, plus human settlement outlines derived from high-resolution imagery. The poverty estimates have been calibrated using national level poverty data from the World Development Indicators (WDI) 2006 edition. The total estimate of the numbers of individuals living in poverty is 2.2 billion, slightly under the WDI estimate of 2.6 billion. We have demonstrated a new class of poverty map that should improve over time through the inclusion of new reference data for calibration of poverty estimates and as improvements are made in the satellite observation of human activities related to economic activity and technology access. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0098-3004 | ISBN | Medium |
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | IDA @ john @ | Serial | 123 | ||
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