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| Author | Pun, C.S.J.; So, C.W.; Leung, W.Y.; Wong, C.F. | ||||
| Title | Contributions of artificial lighting sources on light pollution in Hong Kong measured through a night sky brightness monitoring network | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2014 | Publication | Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer | Abbreviated Journal | Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer |
| Volume | 139 | Issue | Pages | 90-108 | |
| Keywords | Light pollution; Night sky brightness; Skyglow; Moon radiation; Urban lighting; Hong Kong | ||||
| Abstract | Light pollution is a form of environmental degradation in which excessive artificial outdoor lighting, such as street lamps, neon signs, and illuminated signboards, affects the natural environment and the ecosystem. Poorly designed outdoor lighting not only wastes energy, money, and valuable Earth resources, but also robs us of our beautiful night sky. Effects of light pollution on the night sky can be evaluated by the skyglow caused by these artificial lighting sources, through measurements of the night sky brightness (NSB). The Hong Kong Night Sky Brightness Monitoring Network (NSN) was established to monitor in detail the conditions of light pollution in Hong Kong. Monitoring stations were set up throughout the city covering a wide range of urban and rural settings to continuously measure the variations of the NSB. Over 4.6 million night sky measurements were collected from 18 distinct locations between May 2010 and March 2013. This huge dataset, over two thousand times larger than our previous survey [1], forms the backbone for studies of the temporal and geographical variations of this environmental parameter and its correlation with various natural and artificial factors. The concepts and methodology of the NSN were presented here, together with an analysis of the overall night sky conditions in Hong Kong. The average NSB in Hong Kong, excluding data affected by the Moon, was 16.8 mag arcsec−2, or 82 times brighter than the dark site standard established by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) [2]. The urban night sky was on average 15 times brighter than that in a rural location, firmly establishing the effects of artificial lighting sources on the night sky. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0022-4073 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | IDA @ john @ | Serial | 186 | ||
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| Author | Sánchez de Miguel, A.; Zamorano, J.; Gómez Castaño, J.; Pascual, S. | ||||
| Title | Evolution of the energy consumed by street lighting in Spain estimated with DMSP-OLS data | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2014 | Publication | Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer | Abbreviated Journal | Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer |
| Volume | 139 | Issue | Pages | 109-117 | |
| Keywords | Light pollution; Power consumption; Remote sensing; Light pollution models; Spain | ||||
| Abstract | We present the results of the analysis of satellite imagery to study light pollution in Spain. Both calibrated and non-calibrated DMSP-OLS images were used. We describe the method to scale the non-calibrated DMSP-OLS images which allows us to use differential photometry techniques in order to study the evolution of the light pollution. Population data and DMSP-OLS satellite calibrated images for the year 2006 were compared to test the reliability of official statistics in public lighting consumption. We found a relationship between the population and the energy consumption which is valid for several regions. Finally the true evolution of the electricity consumption for street lighting in Spain from 1992 to 2010 was derived; it has been doubled in the last 18 years in most of the provinces. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0022-4073 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | IDA @ john @ | Serial | 187 | ||
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| Author | Kuechly, H.U.; Kyba, C.C.M.; Ruhtz, T.; Lindemann, C.; Wolter, C.; Fischer, J.; Hölker, F. | ||||
| Title | Aerial survey and spatial analysis of sources of light pollution in Berlin, Germany | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2012 | Publication | Remote Sensing of Environment | Abbreviated Journal | Remote Sensing of Environment |
| Volume | 126 | Issue | Pages | 39-50 | |
| Keywords | Light pollution; Artificial lighting; Urban analysis; Remote sensing; GIS; Darkness; Spatial analysis; Light at night | ||||
| Abstract | Aerial observations of light pollution can fill an important gap between ground based surveys and nighttime satellite data. Terrestrially bound surveys are labor intensive and are generally limited to a small spatial extent, and while existing satellite data cover the whole world, they are limited to coarse resolution. This paper describes the production of a high resolution (1 m) mosaic image of the city of Berlin, Germany at night. The dataset is spatially analyzed to identify the major sources of light pollution in the city based on urban land use data. An area-independent ‘brightness factor’ is introduced that allows direct comparison of the light emission from differently sized land use classes, and the percentage area with values above average brightness is calculated for each class. Using this methodology, lighting associated with streets has been found to be the dominant source of zenith directed light pollution (31.6%), although other land use classes have much higher average brightness. These results are compared with other urban light pollution quantification studies. The minimum resolution required for an analysis of this type is found to be near 10 m. Future applications of high resolution datasets such as this one could include: studies of the efficacy of light pollution mitigation measures, improved light pollution simulations, economic and energy use, the relationship between artificial light and ecological parameters (e.g. circadian rhythm, fitness, mate selection, species distributions, migration barriers and seasonal behavior), or the management of nightscapes. To encourage further scientific inquiry, the mosaic data is freely available at Pangaea: http://dx.doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.785492. | ||||
| Address | Freie Universität Berlin, Department of Earth Sciences, Institute for Space Sciences, Carl-Heinrich-Becker-Weg 6‐10, 12165 Berlin, Germany | ||||
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| ISSN | 0034-4257 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | IDA @ john @ | Serial | 188 | ||
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| Author | Hampf, D.; Rowell, G.; Wild, N.; Sudholz, T.; Horns, D.; Tluczykont, M. | ||||
| Title | Measurement of night sky brightness in southern Australia | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2011 | Publication | Advances in Space Research | Abbreviated Journal | Advances in Space Research |
| Volume | 48 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 1017-1025 |
| Keywords | Observatories and site testing; Airglow and aurorae; Photometric, polarimetric, and spectroscopic instrumentation | ||||
| Abstract | Night sky brightness is a major source of noise both for Cherenkov telescopes as well as for wide-angle Cherenkov detectors. Therefore, it is important to know the level of night sky brightness at potential sites for future experiments. The measurements of night sky brightness presented here were carried out at Fowler’s Gap, a research station in New South Wales, Australia, which is a potential site for the proposed TenTen Cherenkov telescope system and the planned wide-angle Cherenkov detector system HiSCORE. A portable instrument was developed and measurements of the night sky brightness were taken in February and August 2010. Brightness levels were measured for a range of different sky regions and in various spectral bands. The night sky brightness in the relevant wavelength regime for photomultipliers was found to be at the same level as measured in similar campaigns at the established Cherenkov telescope sites of Khomas, Namibia, and at La Palma. The brightness of dark regions in the sky is about 2 × 1012 photons/(s sr m2) between 300 nm and 650 nm, and up to four times brighter in bright regions of the sky towards the galactic plane. The brightness in V band is 21.6 magnitudes per arcsec2 in the dark regions. All brightness levels are averaged over the field of view of the instrument of about 1.3 × 10−3 sr. The spectrum of the night sky brightness was found to be dominated by longer wavelengths, which allows to apply filters to separate the night sky brightness from the blue Cherenkov light. The possible gain in the signal to noise ratio was found to be up to 1.2, assuming an ideal low-pass filter. |
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| Address | Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany | ||||
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| ISSN | 0273-1177 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes |
Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | IDA @ john @ | Serial | 189 | ||
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| Author | Falchi, F. | ||||
| Title | Campaign of sky brightness and extinction measurements using a portable CCD camera: Sky brightness and extinction measurements | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2011 | Publication | Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 412 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 33-48 |
| Keywords | sky brightness; monitoring; light pollution; skyglow | ||||
| Abstract | In this paper, we present the results of a 12-yr campaign devoted to monitoring the sky brightness affected by different levels of light pollution. Different sites characterized by different altitudes and atmospheric transparency have been considered. The standard photometric Johnson B and V bands were used. An extinction measurement was performed for each site and each night, along with a calibration of the instrument. These measurements have allowed us to build sky brightness maps of the hemisphere above each observing site; each map contains up to 200 data points spread around the sky. We have found a stop in zenith sky brightness growth at the two sites where a time series exists. Using zenith sky brightness measurements taken with and without extensive snow coverage, we weighted the importance of direct versus indirect flux in producing sky glow at several sites. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0035-8711 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes |
Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | IDA @ john @ | Serial | 190 | ||
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